Nil\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu da\u011flarda ilkbaharda eriyen karlar Nil\u2019de su seviyesi y\u00fckselmesine neden oluyordu. Co\u015fkun Nil, beraberinde humuslu \u00e7amuru da s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek Vadi ve Delta\u2019y\u0131 hem suluyor, hem de g\u00fcbreliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yakla\u015f\u0131k M.\u00d6. 1000\u2019li y\u0131llarda M\u0131s\u0131r devleti tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden alaca\u011f\u0131 vergiyi \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirmek i\u00e7in Nil \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ya da Nilometre olarak anabilece\u011fimiz bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc d\u00fczene\u011fi geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2020-03-28-HSY-01.jpg\")
<\/a>\u0130lk \u00f6nceleri y\u00fcksek kayalara \u00f6l\u00e7ek koyarak ta\u015fk\u0131n\u0131n seviyesi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir y\u00f6ntem ise Nilometre idi. Nilometre 2.4 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131 bloklardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, i\u00e7ine merdivenle inilen dairesel bir kuyuydu. Bu odada bir ta\u015f s\u00fctunun \u00fczerine seviyeler i\u015faretlenmi\u015fti ve iki \u00fc\u00e7 yerden Nil nehri ile ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Nil’in sular\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar y\u00fckseldi\u011fi d\u00fczenli olarak saptanabiliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Strabon, Elephantine ve Memphis \u015fehirlerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kuyular\u0131 anlat\u0131r ve ta\u015fma seviyesinin tespit edilmesinden sonra insanlara haber verildi\u011fini de belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer Nilometre ile elde edilen veriler verimli bir hasat d\u00f6nemi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyorsa vergiler de ona g\u00f6re art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ta\u015fk\u0131n az ise vergiler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evliya \u00c7elebi’nin aktar\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re Nil’in sular\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar y\u00fckseldi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in Kahire’deki Ravda (Roda) adas\u0131nda “\u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l-k\u0131y\u00e2s” ad\u0131nda bir Nilometre vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bug\u00fcn Nil Vadisi ve delta boyunca \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlere ve uygarl\u0131klara ait de\u011fi\u015fik mimari \u00f6zelliklere sahip y\u00fczlerce Nilometre bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Giza b\u00f6lgesinde Sfenks yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda rehberimiz bize Nilometre g\u00f6sterdi. D\u00fczenek yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya kuma g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bir zamanlar ya\u015fam i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan bu d\u00fczenekler, Aswan Baraj\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015flevsiz kald\u0131lar. Art\u0131k birer tarihi eser konumunda gezginlere g\u00f6steriliyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Opet Bayram\u0131<\/strong>: Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bir\u00e7ok dini bayram kutlan\u0131yordu. Bu bayramlar hem halk\u0131 motive ediyor, hem de Firavunlar\u0131n dini ve idari lider olarak g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131yordu. Bu bayramlarda en g\u00f6rkemli ve en ilgin\u00e7 olan\u0131 Opet Bayram\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Luksor \u015fehrinde bulunan Karnak ve Luksor Tap\u0131naklar\u0131 gezimizde rehberimiz Opet Bayram\u0131\u2019ndan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak s\u00f6z etti. Amonhotep Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131tsal revak\u0131na i\u015flenen r\u00f6lyefler Bayram\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla doluydu. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir \u00e7izgi roman ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde Bayram\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bayram\u2019da tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ve Firavun\u2019un k\u00fclt imgeleri (putlar\u0131), b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gemiye konarak ya karadan omuzlar \u00fczerinde ya da Nil \u00fczerinde gemi ile Luksor Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan Karnak Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Tanr\u0131 k\u00fcltleri Karnak Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda bulunan tanr\u0131\u00e7a k\u00fclt imgeleri ile bulu\u015fturulurdu. B\u00f6ylece \u00fcreme ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015f kutlan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Halk b\u00fct\u00fcn bir y\u0131l bu bayram\u0131 beklerdi. Uzaktan da olsa \u015fenlikleri izlemek ve Firavunu g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in tap\u0131naklara giderdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bayram\u2019\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de Firavun\u2019un kutsanmas\u0131, g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00fc\u00e7 katt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesidir. Firavun bu bayramla asl\u0131nda gen\u00e7le\u015fti\u011fini, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz oldu\u011funu ve ebedi bir tanr\u0131-kral oldu\u011funu ilan etmekteydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Oyuncak: <\/strong>\u00c7ocuklu\u011fum az oyuncakla ge\u00e7ti. Kendi oyuncaklar\u0131m\u0131 kendim \u00fcreterek oynad\u0131m. Oyuncaklar\u0131 ve oyuncak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 severim. Gezdi\u011fim \u00fclkelerde, hem m\u00fczelerde hem de \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131larda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm oyuncaklar ilgimi \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gezimiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda hem Kahire\u2019deki M\u0131s\u0131r M\u00fczesi’nde, hem de Sakkara\u2019daki Imhotep M\u00fczesi\u2019nde ah\u015fap, pi\u015fmi\u015f topraktan, alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oyuncaklar, \u00e7\u0131ng\u0131raklar g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Elbette alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f olanlar Firavun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na aitti. \u00c7ocuk mezarlar\u0131na da ikinci ya\u015famda oynamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in mutlaka oyuncak b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Oyuncak ilk insanlardan bu g\u00fcne hep var oldu.Tarihte bilinen ilk oyuncaklar M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar’a aittir. M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n M.\u00d6. 5. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’da tahta atla (E\u015fek de olabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc at M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a \u00e7ok sonralar\u0131 geldi) ve M.\u00d6. 2. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’da topa\u00e7la oynad\u0131klar\u0131 arkeolojik bulgularla belirlenmi\u015ftir. Antik \u00e7a\u011fdan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan pek \u00e7ok nesnenin oyuncak m\u0131 yoksa tap\u0131nma nesnesi mi oldu\u011fu konusu h\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olsa da, oyuncak her zaman var olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131<\/strong>: Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00f6l\u00fcm, ya\u015famdan daha \u00f6nemliydi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc M\u0131s\u0131r inan\u00e7 sisteminde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan sonsuz s\u00fcrecek bir ikinci ya\u015fam oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Her M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonraki sonsuz ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015far, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, hayat\u0131n\u0131 bu inanca adard\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcmden sonra ne olacakt\u0131, nas\u0131l bir yol izlenecekti? <\/p>\n\n\n\n Din bilginlerince bu g\u00fcn \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla anabilece\u011fimiz bir yol g\u00f6sterici haz\u0131rland\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131; \u00f6len ki\u015filerin piramit, tabut veya mezarlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine b\u0131rak\u0131lan papir\u00fcsler \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metinlerdir. Bu kitapta yaz\u0131l\u0131 dualar\u0131n, t\u0131ls\u0131mlar\u0131n, telkinlerin amac\u0131; \u00f6len ki\u015fiye yol g\u00f6stermek, \u00f6len ki\u015finin Araf’ta Osiris’in (\u00d6l\u00fcm tanr\u0131s\u0131) g\u00f6zetiminde k\u0131rk iki yarg\u0131\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan sorguya \u00e7ekilirken \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmamas\u0131, yan\u0131lmamas\u0131, uygun yan\u0131tlar vererek \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck yolunda geri kalmamay\u0131 ba\u015farmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ona yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131. Bu sihirli form\u00fclleri \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve din g\u00f6revlileri g\u00f6mme t\u00f6reninde y\u00fcksek sesle okurken, \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn de onlar\u0131 duyaca\u011f\u0131na, do\u011fru yolu bulaca\u011f\u0131na ve \u00f6te d\u00fcnyada ikinci kez ya\u015farken mutlu olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131yordu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6len ki\u015finin arkas\u0131ndan Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim okunmas\u0131 benzer bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131nca \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131\u2019ndaki T\u0131ls\u0131m 125’te bahsedilen 42 g\u00fcnah ve bu g\u00fcnahlara ait su\u00e7suzluk a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n (H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapmad\u0131m, cinayet i\u015flemedim vs.), Musevilikteki On Emir i\u00e7in temel olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya dillerine \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkemizde de birka\u00e7 yay\u0131n evince bas\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yazar Hediye Selda Y\u0131lmaz’\u0131n \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131lar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n [catlist id=53 pagination=no] A\u2019dan Z\u2019ye M\u0131s\u0131r ve Nil gezisinden notlar\u0131m\u0131 payla\u015fmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorum\u2026 Nil \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi (Nilmetre, Nilometre): G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sel ve su bask\u0131nlar\u0131 hepimizin korktu\u011fu do\u011fal afetlerdir. Ancak Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67481,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67476"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67476"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67476\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=67476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=67476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<\/a><\/a>
Bu yaz\u0131larda \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcmden sonra ne var?\u201d, \u201c\u00d6te d\u00fcnya nedir?\u201d, \u201c\u00d6ld\u00fckten sonra bize ne olur?\u201d gibi sorulara yan\u0131t verilir.
Nil Nehri boyunca uzanan Antik M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra varaca\u011f\u0131 son kutlu hedefi; bat\u0131 ufkunun ard\u0131nda bir yerde yemye\u015fil ve bereketli bir yer olan Sazl\u0131k Tarlalar\u0131’na ya da di\u011fer ad\u0131yla Huzur Tarlalar\u0131’na (Sonsuz Ya\u015fam, Cennet) ula\u015fmakt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
“\u00d6l\u00fcler Kitab\u0131” bu g\u00fcne dek bulunmu\u015f bu t\u00fcr kadim metinler i\u00e7inde en \u00f6nemlilerinden biridir. Metinlerdeki zengin bilgiler, M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gizlem y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc simgelerle anlatan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir birikimi i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. O g\u00fcnden bu g\u00fcne insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiren inan\u00e7 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin bin y\u0131llar boyunca geli\u015fimine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\nRelated Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"