{"id":65275,"date":"2020-03-11T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-11T15:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/?p=65275"},"modified":"2020-07-16T21:43:46","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T18:43:46","slug":"cumhuriyet-lokantasi-ve-gavur-izmir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/2020\/03\/11\/cumhuriyet-lokantasi-ve-gavur-izmir\/","title":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyet Lokantas\u0131 ve gavur \u0130zmir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130zmir, tarihi boyunca \u00e7eli\u015fkilerle dolu farkl\u0131 bir \u015fehir. K\u0131sa zaman \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m minik notlarla ilgin\u00e7 \u0130zmir bilgilerini payla\u015fmay\u0131 Kent Ya\u015fam’daki bu k\u00f6\u015fede de payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Umar\u0131m ilginizi \u00e7eker… Bu yaz\u0131mda iki ayr\u0131 konuyu ele almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zmir ve Cumhuriyet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Cumhuriyet’in en co\u015fkulu kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehir olan \u0130zmir’de 1887 y\u0131l\u0131nda Cumhuriyet ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir lokanta a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. O y\u0131llarda bu ad\u0131n kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7tir. Bu lokantan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f haberi, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u0130zmirli Rumlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Armonia ve Amalthia gazetelerinin 1 Nisan 1887 tarihli n\u00fcshalar\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn ak\u015fam\u0131, iki gazete hakk\u0131nda da kapatma karar\u0131 verilir ve durum Amalthia Gazetesi sahibi Solomoniadi ve Armonia Gazetesi sahibi Astinidi efendilere bildirilir. Bu yasaklama cezas\u0131 tam bir bir ay s\u00fcrer ve yay\u0131mla ilgili yasak 1 May\u0131s 1887 tarihinde kald\u0131r\u0131larak gazetelerin bas\u0131m\u0131na izin verilir. Armonia hemen o g\u00fcn, Amalthia da ertesi g\u00fcn yay\u0131na ba\u015flar…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29 Ekim 1923’te Cumhuriyet ilan edilir, ancak hen\u00fcz bayram olarak kutlanmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130lk kez 1925 y\u0131l\u0131nda bayram olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015flar. Ancak \u0130zmir \u015fehri Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131n\u0131 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bayram ilan edilmeden \u00f6nce de kutlar. Bu da farkl\u0131 bir ilktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne kadar ilgin\u00e7, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Yasaklama haberi kayna\u011f\u0131: Hizmet Gazetesi, 2 Nisan 1887, Say\u0131: 41)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Gavur \u0130zmir” s\u00f6z\u00fc nereden geliyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayd\u0131no\u011flu Mehmed Bey, 1317 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yukar\u0131 \u0130zmir diye s\u00f6ylenen Kadifekale ve yak\u0131n \u00e7evresini fethederek \u0130zmir’de T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yeniden yerle\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7ar. O\u011flu Umur Bey de 1328 y\u0131l\u0131nda A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0130zmir olarak s\u00f6ylenen Liman Kale ve \u00e7evresini alarak \u015fehrin tamam\u0131n\u0131 beylik topraklar\u0131na katar. B\u00f6ylece, 1261 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Nif Anla\u015fmas\u0131’na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Cenevizlilere verilen Liman Kalesi ve onun kontrol etti\u011fi i\u00e7 liman da al\u0131narak \u0130zmir’in tamam\u0131 Ayd\u0131no\u011fullar\u0131’n\u0131n egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015f olur. B\u00f6ylece Kadifekale “Bir daha hi\u00e7bir zaman kaybedilmemek \u00fczere \u0130zmir’de kazan\u0131lan ilk yer olur.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehmed Bey’in 1334 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine yerine Gazi Umur Bey ge\u00e7er ve beylik merkezini \u0130zmir’e ta\u015f\u0131r. Gazi Umur Bey, adalar \u00fczerinde egemenlik kurmakta Mora’ya ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlemekte ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc Trakya’ya kadar hissettirmektedir. Bu a\u015famada Bizans iktidar\u0131n\u0131 talep eden aristokratlar\u0131n \u00f6nderi Kantakuzenos ile \u0130mparator III. Andronikos aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan iktidar m\u00fccadelesi kanl\u0131 olaylara sahne olur. Kantakuzenos, gitgide g\u00fc\u00e7lenmekte olan Gazi Umur Bey ile ittifak kurar. Bu ittifaktaki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmek amac\u0131yla s\u0131k s\u0131k Rumeli’ye ge\u00e7en Umur Bey, Kantakuzenos’un iktidara giden ser\u00fcvenine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunur ve Kantakuzenos 1345 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm Trakya’y\u0131 denetimi alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f olur. 1346 y\u0131l\u0131nda Edirne’de imparatorluk tac\u0131 giyer ve 1347 y\u0131l\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’a girerek yeni imparator olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umur Bey’in, Kantakuzenos’un iktidar m\u00fccadelesine destek verdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0130zmir, Latinler taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131r ve K\u0131br\u0131s, Cenova, Venedik ve Rodos kuvvetlerinden olu\u015fan birle\u015fik kuvvetler, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0130zmir’i alarak Umur Bey’in donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yakar (1344). Yukar\u0131 \u0130zmir ise g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi direni\u015f sonucu birle\u015fik kuvvetler taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ancak A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0130zmir’i i\u015fgal eden kuvvetlere Papa’dan destek gelmemesi \u00fczerine, Rodos \u015e\u00f6valyeleri Umur Bey \u0130le bir anla\u015fma yapmak zorunda kal\u0131rlar. Bu anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Liman Kalesi’nde Latinlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 istihkamlar y\u0131k\u0131lacak, H\u0131ristiyanlara ticari ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar tan\u0131nacak ve her iki \u0130zmir de Umur Bey’e b\u0131rak\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu anla\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, di\u011fer birle\u015fik kuvvet \u00fcyeleri ve \u00f6zellikle Papa taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmeyince Umur Bey, askeri yoldan sonuca ula\u015fmak ister ve Liman Kalesi ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131r. Giri\u015filen \u015fiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda askerlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde sava\u015fan Umur Bey, isabet eden bir okla hayat\u0131n\u0131 yitirir (1348).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tarihten sonra \u0130zmir \u015fehri, “A\u015fa\u011f\u0131” ve “Yukar\u0131” kavramlar\u0131yla ikili yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Zaman i\u00e7inde, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kale ve \u00e7evresindeki \u0130zmir i\u00e7in “Gavur \u0130zmir”, Yukar\u0131 Kale i\u00e7inse “M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u0130zmir” deyi\u015fi yerle\u015fir. Bu deyi\u015f, 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren sahil k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na Bat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n yerle\u015fmesi ve \u0130zmir’in \u00f6nemli bir liman kenti olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yeniden g\u00fcncelle\u015fecektir. Her ne kadar bu s\u00f6z yak\u0131n tarihlerden bu yana “\u0130zmirlilerin gavurlu\u011fu…” anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da asl\u0131 yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131land\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne kadar ilgin\u00e7, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Tablo: Smyrna Ku\u015fatmas\u0131, 1344 (Kanvas \u00fczerine ya\u011fl\u0131boya), Ressam: Charles-Alexandre Debacq (1804-1863)<\/p>\n

Related Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130zmir, tarihi boyunca \u00e7eli\u015fkilerle dolu farkl\u0131 bir \u015fehir. K\u0131sa zaman \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m minik notlarla ilgin\u00e7 \u0130zmir bilgilerini payla\u015fmay\u0131 Kent Ya\u015fam’daki bu k\u00f6\u015fede de payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Umar\u0131m […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65275"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65275"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65275\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}