{"id":65008,"date":"2017-12-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-12-04T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/?p=65008"},"modified":"2017-12-04T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-12-04T00:00:00","slug":"hasankeyf-ve-coban-ali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/2017\/12\/04\/hasankeyf-ve-coban-ali\/","title":{"rendered":"Hasankeyf ve \u00c7oban Ali"},"content":{"rendered":"\u00c7oban\r
siyah bir kuzu yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcyordu\r
ak s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde siyah\r
\tbir kuzu yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131\r
kaval\u0131 ne kentli ne k\u00f6yl\u00fc\r
\tk\u0131r\u0131k dal\u0131n h\u00fczn\u00fcyd\u00fc\r
nas\u0131l akarsa su\r
nas\u0131l ya\u011farsa ya\u011fmur\r
\u00f6ylesine uzun soluklu\r
\r
sevda izi s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc bu g\u00fcne de\u011fin\r
bunca birikimden sonra ancak\r
\tsevda vurur adam\u0131 ans\u0131z\u0131n\r
……………………………………………….\r
\u00c7\u0131nar \u00c7\u0131\u011f<\/i>\r
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<\/a>Hasankeyf’i ilk kez 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda gezdim. O y\u0131llarda daha \u00e7ok gezilir, bilinir bir yerdi. Merakl\u0131 gezginler her yeri doldurmu\u015ftu. Yar\u0131m g\u00fcn yerel gen\u00e7 rehberler ve \u00e7ocuklar e\u015fli\u011finde dola\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ta o zamandan bu \u00f6zel yerin sulara g\u00f6m\u00fclecek olmas\u0131n\u0131n ate\u015fi i\u00e7ime d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. G\u00f6m\u00fclmeden bir kez daha g\u00f6rmek ve vedala\u015fmak en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fc. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc bir ay \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdim. Il\u0131su Baraj\u0131’n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 bitmek \u00fczere ve yak\u0131nda Hasankeyf sular alt\u0131nda kalacak. Yeni Hasankeyf kurulmu\u015f, yerle\u015filmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f. \r
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T\u00fcrkiyeli ve d\u00fcnyadan bir\u00e7ok duyarl\u0131 insan Hasankeyf’in sular alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyor. Bu nedenle y\u0131llard\u0131r bir\u00e7ok \u00f6neri \u00fcretildi. G\u00f6steriler yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sunuldu. “Baraj yap\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011filiz ama Hasankeyf’i de kaybetmek istemiyoruz. Bu nedenle baraj\u0131n yeri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir” denildi. Ne yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa olmad\u0131. \r
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<\/a>Yeniden Hasankeyf’e vard\u0131\u011f\u0131mda ki bir yas havas\u0131 esiyordu \u015fehirde. Durgunluk d\u00f6nemindeki hasta gibi bir ruh hali vard\u0131. Dicle c\u0131l\u0131z, renksiz ak\u0131yordu. Ma\u011faralar\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcm ziyarete kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Kayalar dinamitle patlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6lmeden mezara koymu\u015flar sanki. \u0130yi ki 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda dip bucak gezmi\u015fim. K\u00f6pr\u00fcden kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7erken zay\u0131f\u00e7a, yan\u0131k tenli bir bey heyecanla bize yakla\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcle\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fc ile bize i\u00e7ten bir “ho\u015f geldiniz” dedi. Kuca\u011f\u0131nda tan\u0131t\u0131m kitaplar\u0131 ile yerel turist rehberli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Ad\u0131 \u00c7oban Ali. Bu adla tan\u0131n\u0131yor. Do\u011fma b\u00fcy\u00fcme Hasankeyfli. Hasankeyf’e \u00e2\u015f\u0131k. Yedi y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar ma\u011farada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7obanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f. Can \u00e7eki\u015fen Hasankeyf’in tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015f. Son ana kadar Hasankeyf’i anlatmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.\r
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<\/a>S\u00f6yle\u015fe s\u00f6yle\u015fe bizi “Bo\u015f Be\u015fik” ma\u011faras\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ma\u011fara ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Y\u00f6resel hilve kahvesi i\u00e7tik. Kaval \u00e7ald\u0131. Ya\u015fam\u0131ndan kesitler anlatt\u0131. Bize T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, Arap\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131tlar ve t\u00fcrk\u00fcler s\u00f6yledi. \u00c7oban Ali’nin yan\u0131k sesi ma\u011farada yank\u0131land\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131m sel oldu. Kahvemin tad\u0131na g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131m kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7s\u0131z topraklar\u0131n sular\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131na y\u00fcre\u011fim dayanamad\u0131. Vedam\u0131 g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131mla yapt\u0131m. Zaten tomur tomur kabar\u0131yorlard\u0131 sabahtan beri. Zor tutuyordum kendimi.\r
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<\/a>\u00c7oban Ali’ye “Buras\u0131 suya g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcnce ne yapacaks\u0131n?” diye sordum, “D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek bile istemiyorum” dedi. Sesinde isyan, \u00e7aresizlik vard\u0131. S\u00f6yledi\u011fi yan\u0131k t\u00fcrk\u00fcler, a\u011f\u0131tlar asl\u0131nda her \u015feyi s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. O sevgilisini, ekmek kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, k\u00f6klerini, her g\u00fcn dokunup hissetti\u011fi bu g\u00fczel \u015fehri, zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimi yitirecek. Yine de umudu var. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ma\u011faran\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tu\u011fla ile \u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f. Belki bir g\u00fcn d\u00f6nerim diye.\r
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Peki, biz neleri kaybedece\u011fiz? Anlatay\u0131m:\r
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Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n be\u015fi\u011fi olarak bilinen Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya’n\u0131n stratejik kalesi Hasankeyf’in ilk konuklar\u0131n\u0131n kimler oldu\u011fu bilinmiyor. Antik kentin \u00fczerine kuruldu\u011fu kaya k\u00fctlesinin, Dicle Nehri ve onunla birle\u015fen \u00e7evredeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck akarsular\u0131n 100 binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.\r
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Hasankeyf’in tarihi belgelerde ge\u00e7en ismi ise burada ya\u015fayan topluluklara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6steriyor. S\u00fcryanice kaynaklarda Hesna Kepha olarak ge\u00e7en ad\u0131ndaki “Kepha” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, S\u00fcryanicede ‘kaya’ anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan “kifo”dan geldi\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Arap\u00e7a’da ise Hisn Kayfa olan \u015fehrin ad\u0131 “kaya hisar\u0131” \u015feklinde \u00e7evriliyor. Hisn Kayfa ad\u0131 sonradan k\u0131salt\u0131larak Hisn Kayf olmu\u015f, Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda ise Hasankeyf \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015f.\r
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<\/a>Antik kentin \u00e7evresindeki 6000’e yak\u0131n ma\u011fara, insan\u0131n ilk ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerden biri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak oldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen antik kentin bilinen tarihi M.\u00d6. 8. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’a dayan\u0131yor. Mezopotamya’ya h\u00e2kim konumu, i\u00e7inden Dicle nehrinin ge\u00e7mesi, yukar\u0131 kale b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn u\u00e7urumlar ile \u00e7evrilmesi, savunmaya elveri\u015fli ma\u011faralar\u0131 da, fiziki g\u00fcc\u00fcn egemen oldu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011flarda, Hasankeyf’i kavimlerin payla\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer haline getirmi\u015f.\r
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Milattan sonraki ilk y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Hasankeyf, Bizansl\u0131larla Sasaniler aras\u0131nda zaman zaman el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f. 4. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Hasankeyf’e sa\u011flam bir kale yapan Bizansl\u0131lar, 7. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar buraya egemen olmu\u015flar.\r
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Hasankeyf Orta\u00e7a\u011f’da da stratejik ve askeri \u00f6nemini korumu\u015f. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Hasankeyf’i Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde M. 638 y\u0131l\u0131nda ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015fler. Halifeler d\u00f6nemi ard\u0131ndan s\u0131ras\u0131 ile Emeviler, Abbasiler, Hamdaniler, Mervaniler, Artuklular, Eyyubiler ve Osmanl\u0131lar buraya egemen olmu\u015flar.\r
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Hasankeyf tarihi \u00f6nemini, M.S. 1101 y\u0131l\u0131nda buraya h\u00e2kim olan ve 130 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre ba\u015fkentlik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Artuklular d\u00f6neminde kazanm\u0131\u015f. O d\u00f6nem ticaretin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n nehir yoluyla yap\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle, Dicle Nehri \u00fczerinde bulunan Hasankeyf de ticari a\u00e7\u0131dan Orta\u00e7a\u011f’\u0131n Ba\u011fdat ve \u015eam gibi \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinden biri haline gelmi\u015f.\r
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Artuklular\u0131n buradaki egemenli\u011fine 1231 y\u0131l\u0131nda son vererek Hasankeyf’i ele ge\u00e7iren Eyy\u00fcbi K\u00fcrtleri, 1260’ta Mo\u011fol sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flar. Eyyubiler, 14. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Hasankeyf’i yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Bir\u00e7ok eserde imzas\u0131 bulunan Eyyubiler d\u00f6neminde tarihinin en parlak d\u00f6nemlerinden birini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Eserlerin her \u015feye kar\u015f\u0131n bir arada ve uyum i\u00e7erisinde bug\u00fcne kadar kalmalar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedeni ise, buray\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irenlerin, kendilerinden \u00f6nceki yap\u0131lar\u0131 y\u0131kmadan, yan\u0131na kendilerine ait eserler yapmalar\u0131, yine bu eserleri yenileyip kendi uygarl\u0131klar\u0131na ait bezemeler ile s\u00fcslemeleridir.\r
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Hasankeyf, kalenin bulundu\u011fu alanda yer alan Yukar\u0131 \u015eehir, Dicle’nin g\u00fcney sahillerindeki sekilere yay\u0131lan A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u015eehir ve Dicle’nin kuzeyindeki sekilerde bulunan kent alanlar\u0131 ve mahalleler olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 ana b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131l\u0131yor.\r
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Antik kentte bulunan 6 bine yak\u0131n ma\u011faran\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda insan eliyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eserlerin her biri bir d\u00f6nemin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, ya\u015fam\u0131 ve mimarisine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Dev bir kaya k\u00fctlesi \u00fczerinde bulunan Kale, Kale \u00fczerinde bulunan Eyy\u00fcbiler’e ait Ulu Cami, B\u00fcy\u00fck Saray ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Saray, Ta\u015f K\u00f6pr\u00fc, El-R\u0131zk Cami, Sultan S\u00fcleyman Cami, Eyy\u00fcbiler’e ait Ko\u00e7 Cami, Hasankeyf’in en \u00f6nemli eserlerdir. \r
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Hasankeyf’te ayr\u0131ca kime ait oldu\u011fu bilinmeyen tarihi kaya mezarlar, kaya evler bulunuyor. Orta\u00e7a\u011f’a ait \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcniversitenin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, kiliseler, gizli ge\u00e7itler, kale ve suyollar\u0131, y\u00f6rede yak\u0131n zamana kadar t\u00fcm b\u00f6lge bu\u011fday\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 30’u a\u015fk\u0131n kayaya oyulmu\u015f de\u011firmen, eyvanlar var. Kaleden Dicle’ye inmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ve kayalar\u0131n yontulmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fturulmu\u015f 200 basamakl\u0131 merdiven bulunuyor.\r
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Hasankeyf, Hristiyanl\u0131k ve \u0130slamiyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli bir merkezdi. \u0130slami d\u00f6nemde Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya’da in\u015fa edilen ilk \u0130slami eserler var. 2 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan eserlerin d\u00fcnyada benzer \u00f6rnekleri bulunmuyor.\r
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Il\u0131su Baraj\u0131’n\u0131n Hasankeyf d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sulara g\u00f6mece\u011fi tarihi yerler ise kamuoyunca \u00e7ok fazla bilinmiyor. Oysa \u00e7evreciler ve arkeologlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde en fazla durdu\u011fu konulardan biri de bu. Baraj\u0131n etkileyece\u011fi 37 bin 750 hektarl\u0131k bu alanda arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken, 1988-1991 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bu alan\u0131n sadece 7 bin hektarl\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc incelendi. \u0130ncelenen alan i\u00e7erisinde ise 300’\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n arkeolojik alan belirlendi. Bunlardan 83’\u00fc barajdan do\u011frudan etkilenirken, di\u011fer alanlar ise baraj g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma etkilerine a\u00e7\u0131k olacak.\r
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Bilimsel kaynaklara g\u00f6re, Dicle kenar\u0131nda bulunan ilk aletli tar\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olan alanda 100’e yak\u0131n h\u00f6y\u00fck; Kalkolitik \u00c7a\u011f’a, Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’na ve en \u00f6nemlisi Neolitik \u00c7a\u011f’a ait bir\u00e7ok bulguya ula\u015f\u0131labilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. \u0130lk \u00e7a\u011flardan itibaren yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan b\u00f6lgede ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130ran, Arap Yar\u0131m Adas\u0131, Kafkaslar ve Anadolu aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flayan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ge\u00e7it bulunuyor. Baraj\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6kenleri, tar\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, \u00e7ok say\u0131da uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayak izleri ve maddi varl\u0131klar\u0131na dair ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kan\u0131tlar da sular alt\u0131nda kalacak. \r
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\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle k\u0131saca \u00f6zetledim yitireceklerimizi. Ben iki kez g\u00f6rme \u015fans\u0131 yakalad\u0131m. Mutluyum. Hi\u00e7 g\u00f6remesem \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fcm. \u00c7oban Ali kadar bile umutlu de\u011filim. Her \u015fey an\u0131larda, foto\u011fraflarda ve yaz\u0131larda kalacak. Bir de kulaklar\u0131mda \u00c7oban Ali’nin \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalacak. Hasankeyf’in ellerimizden al\u0131nmas\u0131na dayanamayan y\u00fcre\u011fin isyan \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131.

Related Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7oban siyah bir kuzu yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcyordu ak s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde siyah bir kuzu yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaval\u0131 ne kentli ne k\u00f6yl\u00fc k\u0131r\u0131k dal\u0131n h\u00fczn\u00fcyd\u00fc nas\u0131l akarsa su nas\u0131l […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65008"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=65008"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/65008\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=65008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=65008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}