{"id":64665,"date":"2015-06-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-06-17T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/?p=64665"},"modified":"2015-06-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2015-06-17T00:00:00","slug":"izmir-tarihinde-saglik-denince-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/2015\/06\/17\/izmir-tarihinde-saglik-denince-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130zmir tarihinde sa\u011fl\u0131k denince – 2"},"content":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k:<\/b> Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda i\u015fgal edilen Anadolu moral anlam\u0131nda da \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir yandan yenilginin ve i\u015fgalin ezikli\u011fi \u00f6te yandan yoksulluk ve hastal\u0131klarla bo\u011fu\u015fmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lan halk\u0131n beli iyice b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Anadolu halk\u0131n\u0131n yeniden aya\u011fa kalkmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 onun en son \u015fans\u0131yd\u0131 ve \u00f6yle de oldu. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 kazanan Anadolu halk\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 yeni ba\u015fl\u0131yordu. Sa\u011fl\u0131k, E\u011fitim ve Ekonomi iflas etmi\u015fti. E\u011fer bu alanlardaki sava\u015f\u0131 kazanamasa as\u0131l o zaman kaybedece\u011fini biliyordu. \r
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<\/a>1920 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n May\u0131s ay\u0131nda toplanan TBMM (Kimi kaynaklara g\u00f6re 2 May\u0131s, Kimine g\u00f6re 3 May\u0131s ve kimine g\u00f6re de 20 May\u0131s olarak ifade edilen bu tarih asl\u0131nda Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Kurulu\u015f tarihidir). Vakit ge\u00e7irmeden Dr. Adnan Ad\u0131var’\u0131n ge\u00e7ici ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Umur-i S\u0131hhat ve \u0130\u00e7timai Muavenet-i \u0130\u00e7timaiye Vek\u00e2leti (Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve Sosyal Yard\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) kurulur. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk g\u00f6revi yeni T\u00fcrkiye’nin S\u0131hhi \u0130\u00e7timai Co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 (Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u015fehirlere, b\u00f6lgelere da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m durumu, hasta say\u0131lar\u0131, hekim, hem\u015fire say\u0131lar\u0131 vb. konular\u0131 i\u00e7eren temel bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma) \u00e7\u0131karmak ve ona g\u00f6re hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele program\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymakt\u0131r. Bu \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mdan sonra bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na Dr. Refik Saydam getirilir ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 1937’ye kadar bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda hem salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadelede, hem hastanelerin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda hem de sa\u011fl\u0131k personelinin yeti\u015ftirilmesinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu devrim d\u00fczeyindeki reformlar bu toprakta ya\u015fayanlar taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir zaman unutulmayacakt\u0131r.\r
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<\/a>Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130zmir’de salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar:<\/b> \u0130zmir bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla 16. 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck depremler, yang\u0131nlar ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla yo\u011fun m\u00fccadeleler ge\u00e7irmi\u015f hem insan olarak hem de ekonomik de\u011fer olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar vermi\u015ftir. Hastal\u0131klar konusunda hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki \u0130zmir’in ticaret ve liman kenti olu\u015fu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etken olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. 1922’de \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok etkilenen b\u00f6lgelerden birisi de hastaneler b\u00f6lgesi ya da hastaneler soka\u011f\u0131 da denen kesimdi. Bu durum b\u00f6lgedeki bir\u00e7ok hastanenin yanmas\u0131na veya kullan\u0131lamaz hale gelmesine sebep olmu\u015f ve \u0130zmir’de sa\u011fl\u0131k konusunda mek\u00e2nsal anlamda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara sebep olmu\u015ftur. Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda dahi kentin kanalizasyon, yol ve i\u00e7me suyu gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrklerin ve Yahudilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememi\u015fti. \r
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<\/a>Hastal\u0131klar konusunda farkl\u0131 inan\u0131\u015flar, e\u011fitimsizlik ve yoksulluk bireysel temizlik konusunda zaafiyet olu\u015fturuyor ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep oluyordu. Konunun daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 15 Nisan 1338\/1922’de yay\u0131nlanan Islahat Gazetesi’ndeki \u015fu veriye bakmak yeterlidir san\u0131r\u0131m. Yaln\u0131zca Ocak ay\u0131nda salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klardan \u00f6lenler “emraz-\u0131 cihaz-\u0131 teneff\u00fcs\u00fcnden, emraz-\u0131 cihaz\u0131 haz miden 73, emraz-\u0131 kalpten 83, emraz-\u0131 muhteliften 108, emraz-\u0131 kal biyeden 11, \u0130spanyol nezlesinden 38, humma-y\u0131 tifodan 5, mercuhan 1, ma\u011frukan (bo\u011fularak) 1, zehirlenerek 1, lekeli hummadan 2, vebadan 4, difteriden 1, hummay\u0131 nefesinden 2 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.” Salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar \u0130zmir’de daha \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk ve Yahudi mahallelerinde h\u0131zla yay\u0131l\u0131yor ve do\u011fal olarak da bu b\u00f6lgelerde fazlaca \u00f6l\u00fcme neden oluyordu.\r
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<\/a>S\u0131tma:<\/b> \u0130zmir ve \u00e7evresinde ba\u015fta Gediz olmak \u00fczere B\u00fcy\u00fck ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Menderes akarsular\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130zmir’in yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en dere ve \u00e7aylar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 \u0130zmir ve \u00e7evresinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da durgun akan su ve batakl\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na sebebiyet vermekteydi. Bu duruma iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 da eklenince neredeyse sivrisineklerin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel denecek bir ortam olu\u015fuyordu. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 hemen sonras\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lay’a Ayd\u0131n ve \u0130zmir y\u00f6resinden ba\u015fvuran hastalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 70’ini s\u0131tmal\u0131 hastalar olu\u015fturuyordu. Bu oran fevkalade y\u00fcksekti, di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde bundan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 de\u011fildi. 1 Mart 1923 tarihinde TBMM’de hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ciddiyetinin fark\u0131nda olan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk; “S\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6k\u00fcnden halledilmesi i\u00e7in tek \u00e7are olan kurutma ve arazi \u0131slah\u0131 sorununa, \u015fehir ve k\u00f6ylerin sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131slah ve tamamlanmas\u0131na tabi \u015fartlara d\u00f6ner d\u00f6nmez ba\u015flamak, bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hususunda ki en zorunlu ve \u00f6nemli icraat\u0131m\u0131z olacakt\u0131r.” s\u00f6zleriyle yurt \u00e7ap\u0131nda s\u0131tma ile m\u00fccadele seferberli\u011fi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \r
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<\/a>1935 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde \u0130zmir’de s\u0131tmal\u0131 hasta oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 10’a d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, buna paralel olarak Cumhuriyet’ten \u00f6nce ortalama y\u0131lda 200 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybederken Cumhuriyet’ten sonra \u00f6l\u00fcm vakalar\u0131 bu hastal\u0131ktan h\u0131zla azalm\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131lda kaybetti\u011fimiz insan say\u0131s\u0131 3 – 5 ki\u015fiyi ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir. \r
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Verem:<\/b> \u00dclkemizde olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k rastlanan bu hastal\u0131k \u0130zmir’de Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7, yoksulluk ve yetersiz besleme nedeniyle h\u0131zla art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. O d\u00f6nemlerde bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ila\u00e7la tedavisi hen\u00fcz bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve tek y\u00f6ntem Fridiman adl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 idi. A\u015f\u0131lama kampanyalar\u0131 1970’li y\u0131llara kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi 1919’da yaln\u0131zca \u0130zmir’de 1 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 163 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belediye kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenmekteyiz. Fakat belediye kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenirli\u011fi konusunda da ku\u015fkular vard\u0131r. Bu ku\u015fkuyu 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir \u0130\u015fgal Kuvvetlerine sa\u011fl\u0131k konusunda rapor haz\u0131rlayan E. W. Rank\u0131n raporunda s\u0131k, s\u0131k bahseder. Verem ve frengi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu tahmin etmektedir. Bu ku\u015fkuya kat\u0131lmamak elde de\u011fil, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul’da veremden ortalama haftada 50-60 ki\u015finin yani 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2640 ve 1922 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 2700 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Bilge Cr\u0131ss’\u0131n “\u0130\u015fgal Alt\u0131nda \u0130stanbul” adl\u0131 eserinden \u00f6\u011freniyoruz.\r
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Dr. Beh\u00e7et Salih Uz \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 17 \u015eubat 1923’te “\u0130zmir Veremle M\u00fccadele Cemiyet-i Hayriye’si” kurularak ayr\u0131ca Dr. Ethem, Besim R\u0131fat, Dr. Beh\u00e7et Salih ve Tevfik Salim’den olu\u015fan bir bilim heyeti olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Cemiyet toplumun bilin\u00e7lenmesi i\u00e7in ayl\u0131k sa\u011fl\u0131k dergisi yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilgili cemiyetlerle s\u00fcrekli bilgi al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi yaparak bu hastal\u0131k konusundaki geli\u015fmeleri yak\u0131ndan takip etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi’nden \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, veremle m\u00fccadelede maddi kaynak gerekli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu cemiyete \u00fcye olanlardan giri\u015f \u00fccreti 25 kuru\u015f, ayl\u0131k aidat olarak da 10 kuru\u015f al\u0131n\u0131yordu. \u015eehrimizde hem bu cemiyetin hem de Verem Sava\u015f Dispanserlerinin titiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda verem hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmi\u015f ve toplu \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.\r
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Kolera:<\/b> Bu hastal\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden tarih boyunca \u0130zmir’de ya\u015fayanlar ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00e7ok ac\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Kolera \u0130zmir’de en bilindik hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Kolera vakas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc an hemen karantina uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flar, evler kire\u00e7lenir, kap\u0131lara sar\u0131 renkte bildiriler as\u0131l\u0131r, evlere giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar yasaklan\u0131r hatta yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecekler pencerelerden verilirdi. \u0130zmir’in sa\u011fl\u0131k tarihinde en b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131n 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve bu salg\u0131n nedeniyle 200 binin \u00fczerinde insan a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1911 Kolera salg\u0131n\u0131nda 11 – 17 Eyl\u00fcl aras\u0131nda, yani toplam 6 g\u00fcnde 30 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu hastal\u0131k \u00fczerine geni\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Rodenwaldt’\u0131n 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda, “Einf\u00fchrung in die Hygiene und Seuchenlehre Von Heinz Zeiss und Ernst” adl\u0131 eserinin 131 – 172 sayfalar\u0131nda g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. \r
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\u0130zmir’deki kanalizasyon sorunu ve temiz su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n az olu\u015fu bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n salg\u0131n hale gelmesinde ba\u015fl\u0131ca unsurlard\u0131r. Bu unsurlara bireysel temizlik ve hijyen kurallar\u0131 konusunda toplumun yeterince bilin\u00e7li davranmamas\u0131 da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir etkendir. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u0130zmir Belediyesi kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde “Ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan” \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 560 ki\u015fidir ve en \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcm bu hastal\u0131klardan olmaktad\u0131r. Rakam ger\u00e7ekten \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’nda ve sonras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle de yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen ve kolera mikrobunu ta\u015f\u0131yan insanlar\u0131n \u0130zmir’de bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda ciddi tehlikeler olu\u015fturmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmi\u015f, bir dizi \u00f6nlem gazeteler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile halka duyurulmu\u015ftur. Limana gelen yolcu gemilerinin yolcular\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 bir kontrolden ge\u00e7irildikten sonra \u015fehre giri\u015flerine izin verilmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemin Cumhuriyet h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri zaman, zaman kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fanan \u00fclkelerden gelen yiyecek i\u00e7eceklerin \u00fclkeye giri\u015fini yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rnek verecek olursak 1927’de Irak ve 1931’de \u0130ran’dan gelen t\u00fcm mallar yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bu \u00fclkelerdeki salg\u0131n bitinceye kadar s\u0131n\u0131rlar kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u0131k\u0131 \u00f6nlemler t\u00fcm \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rken, kentimizde de hem kanalizasyon, hem temiz su ve kentin temizli\u011fi gibi konularda ciddi ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bununla birlikte yo\u011fun kampanyalar ile hem a\u015f\u0131lama hem de halk\u0131n bilin\u00e7lenmesi konusunda ciddi mesafe kaydedilerek kolera hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kentimizde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.\r
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\u00c7i\u00e7ek:<\/b> 16. 17 ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00fclkemizde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanan ve olduk\u00e7a ge\u00e7mi\u015fi eskilere dayanan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Fakat 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi anlamda \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakalar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u0130zmir’de nedenini bilemedi\u011fimiz sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc 1880 – 1919 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bu hastal\u0131k ile ilgili sanki bir sans\u00fcr uygulanm\u0131\u015f gibidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o y\u0131llara ait elimizde bu hastal\u0131k la ilgili fazlaca belge bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle bu hastal\u0131kla ilgili halk aras\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f bir anlay\u0131\u015f vard\u0131r, a\u015f\u0131 olunca bu hastal\u0131k daha da \u00e7o\u011falaca\u011f\u0131na inanlar hi\u00e7 de az\u0131msanacak kadar de\u011fildi. \u00d6zellikle Rumlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahallelerde a\u015f\u0131lama i\u015flemi pek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmuyordu. Rumlar ya hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizliyor ya da a\u015f\u0131 olmay\u0131 reddediyorlard\u0131. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130zmir’in baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde bu hastal\u0131k yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca hem o g\u00fcnk\u00fc gazeteler hem de S\u0131hhiye M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu hastal\u0131kla ilgili yay\u0131nlar yapmaya ve halk\u0131 bilin\u00e7lendirip a\u015f\u0131 olmaya ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Kas\u0131m 1919’da salg\u0131n halini alm\u0131\u015f olan bu hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirler art\u0131r\u0131larak hangi dinden olursa olsun herkesin bedava a\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131 duyurulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve \u015fehrin bir\u00e7ok yerinde a\u015f\u0131lama merkezleri olu\u015fturuldu. \u0130zmir Belediyesi’nin kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7i\u00e7ek salg\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda 153 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti. Hastal\u0131k 1922 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda al\u0131nan s\u0131k\u0131 tedbirlerle etkisini ancak kaybetmi\u015ftir. Cumhuriyetle birlikte hem \u00fclkemizde hem de kentimizde etkisini gitgide azaltm\u0131\u015f ve1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu ile de do\u011fan her \u00e7ocu\u011fun a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 zorunlu hale getirildi\u011fi gibi okula gidenlerin ve devlet memurlar\u0131n\u0131n da a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmi\u015ftir.\r
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Veba:<\/b> Bu hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in \u0130zmir’de ne yaz\u0131lsa ne s\u00f6ylense yetersiz kalaca\u011f\u0131ndan eminim. Bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130zmir halk\u0131na \u00e7ektirdi\u011fi ac\u0131lar\u0131 anlatmak i\u00e7in kelimelerin kifayetsiz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Ad\u0131na ister “Kara \u00f6l\u00fcm” densin, isterse “Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n gazab\u0131” densin ama \u0130zmir’i veban\u0131n yuvas\u0131 veya kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ifade edilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Fakat bilinen bir ac\u0131 ger\u00e7ek ise 18 ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130zmir halk\u0131n\u0131n bu hastal\u0131ktan \u00e7ok \u00e7ekti\u011fidir ve de b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar verdi\u011fidir. \u0130zmir’in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ticaret merkezi ve hareketli liman\u0131 olmas\u0131 bu hastal\u0131\u011fa her zaman davetiye \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1709 – 1788 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re 100 bin, baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re de 90 bin, yine 1812 – 1837 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki veba salg\u0131n\u0131nda baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re 35 bin, baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re de 45 bin \u0130zmirli’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmu\u015ftur. \r
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Veba salg\u0131nlar\u0131 zaman, zaman ciddi miktarda \u00f6l\u00fcmlere neden olurken kentimizde karantina b\u00f6lgeleri olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f ve bu hastal\u0131kla m\u00fccadele uzun zamanlar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130zmir’de ya\u015fayan farkl\u0131 din ve milletlerden olu\u015fan kesimlerin bu hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da farkl\u0131 \u015fekillenmi\u015f \u00f6yle ki halk \u00e7aresiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hastal\u0131\u011fa iyi geldi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen c\u0131va madenini i\u00e7meye kadar vard\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r i\u015fi. Halk\u0131n kimi kadercilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, kimi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, kimi bu hastal\u0131kla m\u00fccadele etme yolunu izlemi\u015flerdir. \r
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Veba ciddi anlamda 1918 – 1919 y\u0131llar\u0131nda tekrar g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve onlarca insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olmu\u015ftur. S\u0131hhiye M\u00fcd\u00fcriyetinin yo\u011fun a\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve halk\u0131n bu hastal\u0131k konusunda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe g\u00f6re daha bilin\u00e7li olmas\u0131 ve de en \u00f6nemlisi gelen t\u00fcm gemilerin personel ve yolcular\u0131n\u0131 karantinaya tabi tutulmas\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlar yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemi\u015ftir. 1922’den sonra hastal\u0131k zaman, zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp tek t\u00fck can alsa da salg\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeden \u00f6nlenebiliyordu. 1923’den sonra pek g\u00f6r\u00fclmese de Cumhuriyet h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri bu konuda i\u015fi \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 tutarak \u00f6nlemlerini 1940’a kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve 1947’den sonrada \u00fclkemizde hi\u00e7bir veba vakas\u0131na rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\r
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G\u00fczel \u0130zmir’imizin g\u00fczel insanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir daha bu t\u00fcr ac\u0131lar \u00e7ekmemesi i\u00e7in kentimizin bir liman kenti oldu\u011funu, iklimi ve co\u011frafi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na uygun ortam olu\u015fturdu\u011funu unutmadan kentin yerel ve merkezi y\u00f6neticilerinin her daim tedbirli olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan bu kadar ac\u0131lar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan bu kentin hala baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde gecekondu, i\u00e7me suyu ve kanalizasyon gibi temel sorunlar tam anlam\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememi\u015ftir, \u00e7\u00f6pler d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde toplan\u0131p ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir \u015fekilde imha edilememektedir. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yiyecek-i\u00e7ecek ve g\u0131da maddeleri sokaklar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kta sat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \r
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Biz burada \u0130zmir tarihinde \u00e7ok ciddi kay\u0131plar verdi\u011fimiz belli ba\u015fl\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klara de\u011findik, bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tifo, k\u0131z\u0131l, y\u0131lanc\u0131k, ispanyol nezlesi, lekeli humma, ku\u015fpalaz\u0131, k\u0131zam\u0131k gibi bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar da zaman, zaman \u0130zmir’de etkili olmu\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlere neden olmu\u015ftur. \u0130zmir’in ba\u015f\u0131na bela olan bir ba\u015fka bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k da frengidir. Bu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sonraki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar ve fuhu\u015fla birlikte i\u015fleyece\u011fimizden burada yer vermedik. \r
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Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/b>\r
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– Ak\u00e7i\u00e7ek, Eren-K\u0131nl\u0131, Onur (Ed.): \u0130zmir’in Sa\u011fl\u0131k Tarihi\r
Kongresi, 1-3 Aral\u0131k 2005 Bildiriler.\r
– Atay, \u00c7\u0131nar: Tarih \u0130\u00e7inde \u0130zmir. \u0130zmir Tifset Bas\u0131m ve Yay\u0131n Sanayi A.\u015e.\r
– Berber, Engin: Yeni Onbinlerin G\u00f6lgesinde Bir Sancak: \u0130zmir. Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.\r
– Beyru, Rauf: 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’da \u0130zmir’de Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sorunlar\u0131 ve Ya\u015fam. \u0130BB Kent Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131.\r
– \u00c7i\u00e7ek, \u00dcmit: Antik D\u00f6nem Sa\u011fl\u0131k Merkezleri, \u0130zmir Ticaret Odas\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.\r
– Do\u011fer, Ersin: \u0130lk \u0130sk\u00e2nlardan Yunan \u0130\u015fgaline Kadar Menemen ya da Tarhaniyat Tarihi. Sergi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.\r
– Kandemir, Aykan (\u00c7ev.): Uluslararas\u0131 Amerikan Koleji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Komitesi: \u0130zmir’deki Baz\u0131 Sosyal Ko\u015fullar Hakk\u0131nda Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma. \u0130BB Kent Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131.\r
– Karayaman, Mehmet: 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u0130lk Yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130zmir’de Sa\u011fl\u0131k. \u0130BB Kent Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131.\r
– Say, Memduh: Hijyen Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130zmir \u015eehri. Bilgi Matbaas\u0131.\r
\u015eenocak, B\u00fclent: Levant’\u0131n Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u0130zmir. Levantenler, Rumlar, Ermeniler ve Yahudiler. \u015eenocak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.\r
– Temel, Do\u00e7. Dr. Mehmet: Atat\u00fcrk D\u00f6neminde Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 ve Salg\u0131n Hastal\u0131klarla M\u00fccadele, Nehir Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.\r
– BCA: Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi.

Related Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cumhuriyetin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k: Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda i\u015fgal edilen Anadolu moral anlam\u0131nda da \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir yandan yenilginin ve i\u015fgalin ezikli\u011fi \u00f6te yandan yoksulluk […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64665"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64665"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64665\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}