{"id":64638,"date":"2015-03-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-03-23T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/?p=64638"},"modified":"2015-03-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2015-03-23T00:00:00","slug":"santa-veneranda-dan-su-cenneti-damlacik-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/2015\/03\/23\/santa-veneranda-dan-su-cenneti-damlacik-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Santa Veneranda’dan su cenneti Damlac\u0131k’a"},"content":{"rendered":"\u0093Su damlas\u0131” gibi bir semt<\/b>\r
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\u0093Bir \u015fehirde var olan yer adlar\u0131, o \u015fehrin tarih i\u00e7indeki yerinin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerinden biridir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n i\u00e7inden gelen \u0091Kadim\u0092 \u015fehirlerimizin semt, mahalle ya da sokaklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan adlar; ayn\u0131 zamanda o \u015fehrin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131yan de\u011ferlerdir. Bu t\u00fcr adlar kesinlikle rastlant\u0131sal de\u011fildir, mutlaka bir \u00f6yk\u00fcleri vard\u0131r.”\r
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Yukar\u0131daki s\u00f6zleri \u0093Bahribaba” hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Burada bir kez daha tekrarlaman\u0131n yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m semt \u0130zmir \u015fehri i\u00e7in en az Karata\u015f kadar \u00f6nemli, en az Dara\u011fac\u0131 kadar gizemli bir semt olan Damlac\u0131k…\r
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Tamamlanmak \u00fczere olan Konak T\u00fcneli yap\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan kamula\u015ft\u0131rma ve y\u0131k\u0131m tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelen Damlac\u0131k semti, \u0130zmir tarihi i\u00e7inde benzeri olmayan bir b\u00f6lge olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu benzersizlik iki nedene dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan ilki \u0130zmir\u0092in eski yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinden biri olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, her zaman ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sessiz duru\u015f i\u00e7inde ad\u0131n\u0131n pek dillenmemesi, di\u011feri ise t\u0131pk\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sessizlik gibi, \u0130zmir ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin bu semtle ilgili olarak hemen hi\u00e7 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma bu bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmak, bu \u00f6nemli eksikli\u011fi gidermek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.\r
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Damlac\u0131k \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bir kez daha tan\u0131k olduk ki; b\u00f6lge \u0130zmir \u015fehrinin \u0093su” ve \u0093\u00e7e\u015fme” ile ilgili ba\u015fta gelen semtidir. Hatta Damlac\u0131k i\u00e7in \u0093Sokak \u00e7e\u015fmeleri cenneti” ifadesini rahatl\u0131kla kullanabiliriz. B\u00f6lgede akmasa da halen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebildi\u011fimiz \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7e\u015fme bu sav\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kan\u0131tlar\u0131ndan biridir.\r
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S\u00f6z\u00fcn buras\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u0092in tarih i\u00e7indeki su yollar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lge ile ili\u015fkisine bakman\u0131n yarar\u0131 vard\u0131r:\r
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\u0093Binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip \u0130zmir kentinin su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, uzun mesafeden su getirme sistemleri konusunda kapsaml\u0131 ilk ara\u015ft\u0131rma 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda Alman Arkeoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u0092n\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Georg Weber taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bulgular\u0131 1899\u0092da enstit\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (1) Arada ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede, konunun ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na daha fazla inecek, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f haritalar \u00fczerinde bu su yollar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7kisini tam olarak belirleyecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, kentin kullan\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi y\u00fcz y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce belirlenmi\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011funun bug\u00fcn art\u0131k yerinde bulunmamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu su yollar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: \r
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a- \u0130zmir\u0092in do\u011fusundan, Nif Da\u011f\u0131\u0092n\u0131n g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda, Arapdere\u0092nin en \u00fcst kesimlerindeki Karap\u0131nar\u0092\u0131n sular\u0131n\u0131 Kadifekale\u0092ye (Pagus Da\u011f\u0131) ileten. Melez \u00c7ay\u0131\u0092n\u0131 ta\u015f borulu ters sifonla ge\u00e7en antik Karap\u0131nar su yolu;\r
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b- \u0130zmir\u0092in g\u00fcneyinden, K\u0131s\u0131kk\u00f6y yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Akp\u0131nar\u0092\u0131n sular\u0131n\u0131 Bayramyeri yak\u0131n\u0131nda, eskiden de\u011firmenlerin bulundu\u011fu kesimin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Zeus Akraios Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u0092na kadar ileten antik Akp\u0131nar su yolu;\r
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c- \u0130zmir\u0092in g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundan, Buca\u0092n\u0131n do\u011fusundaki Kanl\u0131g\u00f6l – Kaynaklar y\u00f6resi sular\u0131n\u0131 Melez \u00c7ay\u0131\u0092n\u0131 y\u00fcksek su kemeriyle a\u015farak, Kadifekale\u0092nin do\u011fu eteklerinden dola\u015farak ileten antik ve daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de k\u0131smen yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Buca su yollar\u0131;\r
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d- \u0130zmir\u0092in g\u00fcneyinden, Koza\u011fa\u00e7 y\u00f6resi p\u0131nar sular\u0131n\u0131, Melez \u00c7ay\u0131\u0092n\u0131 y\u00fcksek su kemeriyle a\u015farak ileten, muhtemelen Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0093Osmana\u011fa su yolu” olarak da yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olunan Koza\u011fa\u00e7 su yolu;\r
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e- \u0130zmir\u0092in g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundan, \u015eirinyer yak\u0131n\u0131nda kaynayan p\u0131nar sular\u0131n\u0131, Melez \u00c7ay\u0131\u0092n\u0131 y\u00fcksek su kemeriyle a\u015farak ileten Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi Vezir su yolu;\r
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f- \u0130zmir\u0092in do\u011fusundan, Tepecik\u0092in kuzey yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kaynayan, muhtemelen antik d\u00f6nemde de yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan sular\u0131 ileten, Kapanc\u0131o\u011flu su yolu.” (2)\r
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B\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen iki tap\u0131naktan biri olan Zeus Akraios Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u0092n\u0131n yerinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki konumla; Bayramyeri\u0092ndeki eski hal binas\u0131 yerine in\u015fa edilen Doktor Selahattin Ak\u00e7i\u00e7ek K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi\u0092nin hemen alt\u0131ndan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Caddesi (Varyant) \u00fcst\u00fcndeki eski \u00f6\u011frenci yurdu binas\u0131na do\u011fru uzanan s\u0131rtta oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. K\u0131s\u0131kk\u00f6y yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda 130 metre y\u00fcksekte bir kaynaktan \u00e7\u0131kan suyun denizden yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 metre y\u00fckseklikteki tap\u0131na\u011fa getiren su sistemi 27 kilometre uzunluktad\u0131r. Bu mesafedeki kanal i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi bize bu tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n ne kadar de\u011ferli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterirken, di\u011fer yandan hem \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en bir hatta sahip Mal Deresi ve Santa Veneranda suyundan neden yararlan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Veneranda suyunun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz kayna\u011f\u0131 tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu noktadan kot olarak biraz daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bir noktadad\u0131r. Ancak Mal Deresi, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n hemen \u00fcst\u00fcndeki b\u00f6lgede ve \u00e7ok daha yukar\u0131daki bir kottan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inmektedir. Bu durumda tap\u0131na\u011fa su sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde derenin debisinin, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n yo\u011fun su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. \u00d6te yandan bir ba\u015fka olas\u0131l\u0131k da o d\u00f6nemlerde Mal Deresi\u0092nin var olmamas\u0131 ve sonraki y\u0131llarda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir deprem sonras\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.\r
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\u0093Su” konusundan s\u00f6z ederken Damlac\u0131k ve \u00e7evresinin \u0130zmir \u015fehrinin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7indeki durumuna bakmakta yarar vard\u0131r. Bu konuda sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131karabilece\u011fimiz \u00f6nemli malzemeler gezginlerin an\u0131lar\u0131 ve grav\u00fcrler ile baz\u0131 ar\u015fiv belgeleridir.\r
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\u0130zmir\u0092in T\u00fcrklerin eline ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 14. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0092da, Damlac\u0131k b\u00f6lgesinde konut yerle\u015fimi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. B\u00f6lgede izini s\u00fcrebilece\u011fimiz en eski yap\u0131 ise Azize Veneranda ad\u0131na in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kilisedir. Kilise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olsa da b\u00f6lgede bulunan ve Veneranda ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan su ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala akmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6ncelikle uzun y\u0131llar b\u00f6lgenin ad\u0131 olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u0093Veneranda” \u00fczerinde durmak gerekmektedir.\r
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Latince\u0092de \u0093Sayg\u0131” ya da \u0093Sayg\u0131 duyulan” anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck olan Veneranda, Hristiyan aleminde 26 Temmuz 143 tarihinde hayata veda etmi\u015f bir azizenin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ad\u0131n zaman zaman \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklarda \u0093Veneria” ya da \u0093Venerina” olarak da kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00f6ylenceler bulunan Galya do\u011fumlu Azize Veneranda, Antoninus Pius\u0092un imparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde Roma\u0092da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Galya, d\u00f6nemin Avrupa\u0092s\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Fransa, \u0130talya\u0092n\u0131n kuzeyi, \u0130svi\u00e7re ve Almanya\u0092n\u0131n bat\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ile Hollanda\u0092n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ve Bel\u00e7ika\u0092y\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6lgeye verilen add\u0131r.\r
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Santa Venera ya da Veneranda k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn Hristiyanl\u0131k aleminde 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0092dan itibaren yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancak bu ad\u0131n Avrupa\u0092dan \u00e7ok daha erken y\u0131llarda \u0130zmir\u0092deki bir b\u00f6lgede ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 bir kilise ile birlikte kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 bir durumdur.\r
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Bu konuda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek olas\u0131l\u0131klardan biri \u015f\u00f6valyeler olabilir. Santa Venera baz\u0131 \u015f\u00f6valyeler taraf\u0131ndan kendi azizeleri olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, Kanuni d\u00f6neminde Rodos\u0092tan Malta\u0092ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalan \u015f\u00f6valyeler de olabilir. Bununla ilgili bir izi Malta\u0092n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti La Valetta\u0092da, eski kent merkezinin bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yer alan Santa Venera yerle\u015fim yeri ve ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kilisenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6rebiliriz. Santa Venera, yerle\u015fimin \u015f\u00f6valyeler d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin \u0093Koruyucusu” olarak kabul edilmektedir.\r
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Tarih i\u00e7inde, \u0130zmir\u0092de yak\u0131n \u00e7evrede (Kemer\u0092deki mezarl\u0131ktan \u00f6nce) iki ayr\u0131 \u0130ngiliz mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlardan birincisi sonralar\u0131 Gurabai M\u00fcslimin Hastanesi\u0092nin in\u015fa edilece\u011fi eski mezarl\u0131k alan, di\u011feri ise K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131\u0092ndan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren \u0130ngiliz askerlerinin g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc bulundu\u011fu ve De\u011firmenda\u011f\u0092\u0131n bulunan az\u0131nl\u0131k mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde (G\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde) yer alan mezarl\u0131k. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130ngiliz mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Santa Veneranda\u0092da bulundu\u011fu baz\u0131 kaynaklarda belirtilmektedir. \u0130lk iki mezarl\u0131ktaki mezarlar\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u0092ye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesine kar\u015f\u0131n bu mezarl\u0131kta bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6z edilen y\u00fcz k\u0131rk mezar\u0131n akibeti ile ilgili bilgimiz bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\r
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Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6zelli\u011fini sa\u011flayan \u015fey Damlac\u0131k semtinin s\u0131rtlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan, k\u0131sa bir mesafe kat ettikten sonra denize yak\u0131n bir noktada Mal Deresi\u0092ne kar\u0131\u015fan kaynak suyudur. Bu suyun \u00fc\u00e7 dine ba\u011fl\u0131 ki\u015filerce de kutsal varsay\u0131lmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir. Hristiyanlarca \u0093Santa Veneranda Suyu” olarak an\u0131l\u0131rken, Yahudi cemaati taraf\u0131ndan \u0093Rabbimizin P\u0131nar\u0131” ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarca \u0093Rum K\u0131z\u0131 Suyu” adlar\u0131yla an\u0131lan bu kutsal su ad\u0131na b\u00f6lgede bir de kilise (baz\u0131 kaynaklarda manast\u0131r) in\u015fa edilmesi, semtin \u00f6nemini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.\r
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Kilise olduk\u00e7a eski d\u00f6nemlerde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Kesin olmamakla birlikte \u0130zmir\u0092deki benzer yap\u0131lar\u0131n ilklerinden biri olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde gerek gezginlerin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131ndan gerekse grav\u00fcr \u00e7izimlerinden kilisenin art\u0131k var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fini bilmekteyiz. Buna \u00f6rnek \u00e7izimlerden birini de Hollandal\u0131 avukat ve besteci Laurens van der Hem\u0092in (1621-1678) koleksiyonunda g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Bu koleksiyondan olu\u015fan kitapta (3) yer alan ve d\u00f6nemin \u0130zmir\u0092ine ait \u00e7izimler aras\u0131nda yer alan \u0093Manzara. St. Veneranda manast\u0131r kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131” grav\u00fcr\u00fcnde ve ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neme ait benzer grav\u00fcrlerde de kiliseden ancak kal\u0131nt\u0131lar kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.\r
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Gezginlerin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 eserlerde Veneranda ad\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na en erken tarihli eserlerden biri olarak P\u00e8re Pacifique\u0092in 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0092\u0131n hemen ba\u015flar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterebiliriz. Burada b\u00f6lgede iki eski kilise y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilir. Bunlardan biri kaleye yak\u0131n bir b\u00f6lgede yer alan Sen Polikarp Kilisesi, di\u011feri ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131larda bulunan Santa Veneranda kilisesidir. (4)\r
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Frans\u0131z gezgin Jean de Thevenot, hen\u00fcz yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda geldi\u011fi \u0130zmir ile ilgili an\u0131lar\u0131nda, Pagos Tepesi\u0092ne bu b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Kaleye \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in Santa Veneranda\u0092dan uzanan bir yolu izleyerek, buradaki Ortodoks kilisesinden sonra, amfitiyatro ve Polikarp\u0092\u0131n mezar\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z eder. (5)\r
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\u0130ngiliz gezgin Sir Paul Rycaut, 1682 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131lan \u0093Histoire Des Trois Derniers Empereurs des Turcs” adl\u0131 eserinde \u0093Santa Veneranda\u0092daki ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fme”den s\u00f6z eder. Rycaut, 1626 y\u0131l\u0131nda Agora semtinde do\u011fmu\u015f olan ve \u0093Mesihlik iddias\u0131”nda bulunan Yahudi din adam\u0131, Sabetay Sevi\u0092nin \u0093B\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemini belirten davran\u0131\u015flarda bulundu\u011funu ve hemen Veneranda \u00e7e\u015fmesinin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan annesinin mezar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaretinde, g\u00fcnahlar\u0131ndan da affedilmesini istedi\u011fini” yazar. (6) Kitaptaki metinlerden hem Veneranda suyunun hem de o b\u00f6lgedeki deniz suyunda y\u0131kanman\u0131n ar\u0131nma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz.\r
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1683 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u0092da bas\u0131lan \u0093Two Journeys to Jerusalem” adl\u0131 gezi an\u0131lar\u0131nda da yine \u00e7e\u015fmeden s\u00f6z edildi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Buradaki anlat\u0131mda Yahudi mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilerek \u0093Mezarl\u0131\u011fa yak\u0131n olan Santa Veneranda \u00e7e\u015fmesi” ifadesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. (7) Gezginlerin 1666 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemler aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fmenin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin \u0093Ar\u0131nma duygusu yaratan \u00f6zel bir alan” oldu\u011fu da belirtilmektedir.\r
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1678 ve 1680 y\u0131llar\u0131nda iki kez \u0130zmir\u0092e gelip, izlenimlerini 1698 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0093Deelen van Klein Asia” ad\u0131yla yay\u0131mlayan Hollandal\u0131 ressam Cornelis de Bruyn, k\u0131sa zaman sonra \u0093Voyage au Levant” ad\u0131yla Frans\u0131zca\u0092ya da \u00e7evrilecek olan bu eserinde b\u00f6lgeden \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6z eder:\r
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\u0093Aziz Veneranda, ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan tepenin ete\u011finde bir b\u00f6lgedir ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131larda, Rum ve Ermeni mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u00e7ukurlara kadar uzan\u0131r. \u0130ngilizler\u0092in, Frans\u0131zlar\u0092\u0131n ve Hollandal\u0131lar\u0092\u0131n da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131 yerde mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve bu az\u0131nl\u0131k mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 al\u00e7ak duvarlarla \u00e7evrilidir. Yahudi Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise, daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r.” (8)\r
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Gezginler genelde yanlar\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca iyi bir ressam da ta\u015f\u0131rlar ve bunlar \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra, daha \u00f6nceden eskiz olarak \u00e7izdikleri kentlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerini kitapta yer alacak bi\u00e7imde \u015fekillendirirler. Bruyn ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi bir ressam oldu\u011fundan kitab\u0131na m\u00fckemmel bir \u0130zmir \u00e7izimi ekleyerek, \u015fehrin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bir anlamda \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u0130zmir\u0092in en g\u00fczel grav\u00fcrlerinden biri olan bu \u00e7izimde, Damlac\u0131k\u0092a denk gelen ve hen\u00fcz yerle\u015fimin g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi b\u00f6lgede Veneranda ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kilise y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan su kayna\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.\r
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Bruyn\u0092un yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan, b\u00f6lgedeki az\u0131nl\u0131k mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 konusunda da ilgin\u00e7 bilgiler ediniriz. Buna g\u00f6re Yahudi Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u0092n\u0131n g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde, yani De\u011firmenda\u011f\u0092\u0131n \u00fcst yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda ve Do\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde Rum, Ermeni, \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z ve Hollanda mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. \u0130ngilizlere ait b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 mezarl\u0131ktan yukar\u0131da da s\u00f6z etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k ancak bu b\u00f6lgede Rum, Ermeni, Frans\u0131z ve Hollandal\u0131 mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 bir bilgidir. Bu mezarl\u0131klarla ilgili olarak \u015fu ana kadar dilimize \u00e7evrilmi\u015f hemen hi\u00e7 yay\u0131n bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Hatta Konstantinos Oikonomos\u0092un 1817 y\u0131l\u0131nda bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserini, 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda ve yine \u0130zmir\u0092de \u0093Etude Sur Smyrne” ad\u0131yla yay\u0131mlayan Bonaventure F. Slaars, \u0093Le Bruyn\u0092un yolculu\u011funu anlatan yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen \u0130zmir manzaras\u0131 resminde, bu s\u00f6ylenenlerden her birinin konumu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ben ise bu mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n izini yeniden bulamad\u0131m…” (9) demektedir. Bu s\u00f6ylemden, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131nda \u00e7oktan tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\r
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Buna kar\u015f\u0131n baz\u0131 kaynaklarda k\u0131sa c\u00fcmlelerle de olsa hem b\u00f6lgeden hem de burada bulunan di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131k mezarlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunlara g\u00f6re \u0093Herhangi bir yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda herhangi bir nedenle \u00f6l\u00fcp kimlikleri bilinmeyenler genellikle buradaki Ortodoks mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclmektedir. Mezarl\u0131k Santa Veneranda Ortodoks Kilisesi\u0092nin yan\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilikleri \u00e7ok g\u00f6rkemli mezarlar da i\u00e7ermektedir.” (10)\r
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1801 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan eserinde ise Edward Wells, yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fimiz Paul Rycault\u0092ya g\u00f6nderme yaparak \u00e7e\u015fmeden ve sudan s\u00f6z eder. \u0093B\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemi”nden s\u00f6z eden gezgin \u0093G\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tepelerde bulunan r\u00fczgar de\u011firmenlerinin deprem ile sars\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bulunan batakl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl durum ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” anlatarak \u0093Aradan bir ka\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n batakl\u0131klar\u0131n art\u0131k bah\u00e7elere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, yang\u0131nlarla bozulan havan\u0131n Levant\u0092\u0131n denizcili\u011fi ile \u00f6nemli \u015fehrinde buradan daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve de\u011ferli bir havan\u0131n bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131” (11) ekler.\r
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\u0093Batakl\u0131klar”dan kas\u0131t, o d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lge hen\u00fcz ciddi bir doldurulma ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde tam varyant \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, SSK \u0130\u015fhan\u0131\u0092n\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fimiz al\u00fcvyonlu b\u00f6lgedir. Al\u00fcvyon do\u011fal olarak \u0093Mal Deresi”nin k\u0131y\u0131da biriktirdi\u011fi malzemedir. Kitapta s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen deprem ise 1778 y\u0131l\u0131 depremi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bundan bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 deprem, kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131m\u0131na uzak bir d\u00f6nem olan 1739 y\u0131l\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015ftir ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 1778 depremi kadar de\u011fildir.\r
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\u00d6nc\u00fc \u015foklar\u0131n 16 Haziran\u0092da ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1778 depreminin as\u0131l y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 dalgas\u0131 3 Temmuz tarihinde gece yar\u0131s\u0131 saatlerde ba\u015flar ve 5 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar devam eden y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u015foklardan sonra gelen art\u00e7\u0131larla birlikte Temmuz ay\u0131 sonuna kadar s\u00fcrer. Depremden Wells\u0092in s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi gibi De\u011firmenda\u011f b\u00f6lgesi de olduk\u00e7a etkilenir. 3 Temmuz\u0092da gece yar\u0131s\u0131 gelen ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fok dalgas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k on be\u015f saniye s\u00fcrer ve \u015fehrin neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131 harabeye \u00e7evirir. Bir\u00e7ok evin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fc\u00e7 hamam, \u00fc\u00e7 minare ve aralar\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fc \u015foklardan zaten hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olan B\u00fcy\u00fck (Hisar) Camisi\u0092nin de bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6rt cami \u00f6nemli y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frar. Ayakta kalan binalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7atlaklar vard\u0131r ve onlar da y\u0131k\u0131lmak \u00fczeredirler. \u015eehirdeki bacalar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc devrilmi\u015ftir. Camilerden biri, yan\u0131ndaki elli d\u00fckkan\u0131n \u00fczerine devrilerek \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n \u00f6lmesine neden olur. Bir ba\u015fka caminin enkaz\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise k\u0131rk ki\u015fi kal\u0131r. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 kurtulabilir. Bedesten ile \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kubbeleri hasar g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Frenk Soka\u011f\u0131\u0092n\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7 K\u00f6\u015fe ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan St. Photini Kilisesi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda baz\u0131 yerlerde, yar\u0131lan topra\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesi nedeniyle, a\u011f\u0131r hasar meydana gelir. Bu depremin neden oldu\u011fu hasar\u0131n Seydikoy\u0092\u00fcn de bat\u0131s\u0131na kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f olsa da, ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi yoktur.\r
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Yirmi d\u00f6rt saat s\u00fcren art\u00e7\u0131 dalgalar da zaten hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ev, minare ve kamu binas\u0131n\u0131 yere indirir. Halk, evlerini terk ederek a\u00e7\u0131k alanlarda ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak 5 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011fle saatlerinde ya\u015fanan yeni bir yer sars\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evlerden birinde, Fransa Konsoloslu\u011fu yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan yang\u0131n, k\u0131sa zamanda yay\u0131larak otuz alt\u0131 saat i\u00e7inde kentin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcle \u00e7evirir. \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z, Napoli, Dubrovnik ve Venedik konsoloslar\u0131n\u0131n evlerini de y\u0131karak ilerleyen yang\u0131n Santa Veneranda\u0092ya kadar olan binalar\u0131n neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yak\u0131p k\u00fcl eder ve o d\u00f6nemlerde bo\u015f olan De\u011firmenda\u011f s\u0131rtlar\u0131nda s\u00f6ner. Yang\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden \u0130zmirliler\u0092in say\u0131s\u0131 iki y\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00fczerindedir. (12)\r
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Gezginlerin an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Santa Veneranda suyu ile ilgili bilgilere ba\u015fka yay\u0131nlarda da rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan birinde \u0130zmirli Yahudi din adam\u0131 Sabetay Sevi\u0092nin 1666 y\u0131l\u0131nda, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde tutuklu bulundu\u011fu Abydos Kalesi\u0092nden m\u00fcritlerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuptan s\u00f6z edilir. Mektupta Santa Veneranda suyu \u00e7e\u015fmesinden de s\u00f6z edilmektedir. \u00931666 yaz\u0131 kalabal\u0131klar\u0131n bayram g\u00fcnleri oldu. Sevi de Gelibolu\u0092da depresyonu atlatm\u0131\u015f, konu\u015fuyor, co\u015fuyordu. \u0130zmir\u0092e bir mektup g\u00f6ndermi\u015f ve \u0091Annemin mezar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaretle malum dualar\u0131 okuyanlar, elbette hac\u0131d\u0131rlar\u0092 demi\u015fti. Mezar\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir de \u00e7e\u015fme vard\u0131 ve pek \u00e7ok \u0130zmirli Yahudi, bu tebli\u011fe hemen h\u00fccum etti. \u00c7e\u015fmenin ad\u0131, Yunan Ortodoks Kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015fti: Santa Veneranda. Hac\u0131 Yahudiler ona \u0091Rabbimizin P\u0131nar\u0131\u0092 dediler.” (13)\r
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\u00d6te yandan Londra\u0092daki Public Record Office\u0092te bulunan ve 1605-1702 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemin belgelerini kapsayan defterde bulunan k\u0131rk iki Osmanl\u0131 ferman\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bir belgede resmi yetkililerce de b\u00f6lgeye Santa Veneranda denildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu belgedeki ifadeye g\u00f6re 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u0092i d\u00f6rt y\u0131l haraca kesen e\u015fk\u0131ya Sar\u0131beyo\u011flu\u0092na kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0093Sar\u0131beyo\u011flu kervanla \u0130zmir\u0092e on iki saatlik bir mesafede bulunan Bay\u0131nd\u0131r \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcnce, \u0130zmir Kad\u0131s\u0131 ve ayanlar\u0131 bir defa daha alarm durumuna ge\u00e7mi\u015fler ve Frenklerden isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n \u015fehre girmelerine engel olabilmek amac\u0131 ile biri St. Veneranda\u0092da ve di\u011feri Dalyan\u0092da mevzilendirecekleri iki gemi istemi\u015flerdir” denilmektedir. (14)\r
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Veneranda ad\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve konuyla ilgili bilgileri elde edebildi\u011fimiz bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli kaynak, \u00f6zellikle gezginlerin yazd\u0131klar\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 resimlendirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7izdikleri ya da \u00e7izdirdikleri grav\u00fcrlerdir. \r
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\u00d6rnek olarak inceleyece\u011fimiz ilk \u00e7izim, \u0130ngiliz Doktor John Covel\u0092in el yazmas\u0131 gezi notlar\u0131 (15) ekinde bulunan grav\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Lejand\u0131 da bulunan ve 1675 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihlenen grav\u00fcr\u00fcn (16) inceledi\u011fimiz b\u00f6lgeyi g\u00f6steren b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u0093P” harfi ile belirtilmi\u015f iskeleden \u0093Santa Veneranda iskelesi ve mezarl\u0131klar” olarak s\u00f6z edilmektedir. \u0093P” harfinin hemen \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan iki mezarl\u0131k alandan denize yak\u0131n olan\u0131 \u0130ngilizlere, hemen \u00fcst\u00fcndeki ise Hollandal\u0131lara ait mezarl\u0131klard\u0131r. Bu mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu alanda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Devlet Hastanesi eski binas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \r
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Lejandda Frans\u0131zlara ait mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da kilise yan\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu notu da yer almaktad\u0131r. Mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n hemen sa\u011f yan\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen akarsu Mal Deresi\u0092dir ve bu akarsuyun De\u011firmenda\u011f \u00fczerindeki de\u011firmenlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnden y\u00fckselerek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki E\u015frefpa\u015fa semti s\u0131rtlar\u0131ndaki Be\u015ftepeler b\u00f6lgesinden geldi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Derenin deniz ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn di\u011fer yan\u0131nda ise Yahudi Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \r
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Bu \u00e7izimden de anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ki Veneranda ad\u0131 sadece bir kutsal suya ait olmay\u0131p, b\u00f6lgeye de ad olmu\u015ftur.\r
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Gezginlerin an\u0131lar\u0131 yan\u0131 s\u0131ra harita ve planlarda da b\u00f6lge ile ilgili ilgin\u00e7 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 verilere rastlanabilmektedir. Luigi Storari taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131lan 1856 tarihli \u0130zmir plan\u0131nda (17) D harfi ile i\u015faretli Mal (Damlac\u0131k) Deresi\u0092nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Be\u015ftepeler semtindeki kayna\u011f\u0131ndan do\u011fduktan sonra Kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcne ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Ulu Mezarl\u0131k ortas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde E\u015frefpa\u015fa Caddesi\u0092ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek olan Uluyol\u0092un bu b\u00f6lgede U harfi ile belirtilmi\u015f noktada alt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7tikten sonra (bu ge\u00e7it g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de vard\u0131r ancak a\u011fz\u0131 kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r) bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen 9. Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fehir surunun i\u00e7 kenar\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek \u00c7 ile i\u015faretli ve bir zamanlar Santa Veneranda \u00e7e\u015fmesinin bulundu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alana varmaktad\u0131r. Eski \u015fehir suru boyunca uzanan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 429. soka\u011f\u0131n, daha \u00f6nceki ad\u0131n\u0131n \u0093Dere Sokak” olmas\u0131 da derenin yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takip etmesinden dolay\u0131d\u0131r. Storari \u00e7iziminde derenin burada da meydan\u0131n alt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu alttan ge\u00e7i\u015fin izleri b\u00f6lgede bu g\u00fcn de se\u00e7ilebilmektedir. \r
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Buradan Kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcne do\u011fru y\u00f6nlenen dere yata\u011f\u0131 Sar\u0131 K\u0131\u015fla\u0092n\u0131n talim alan\u0131 kenar\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek K\u00f6rfez k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda son bulmaktad\u0131r. Derenin denize akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktan\u0131n yan\u0131nda ise yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz Santa Veneranda \u0130skelesi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \r
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1876 y\u0131l\u0131na ait Lamec-Saad plan\u0131nda da (18) Damlac\u0131k Deresi denize ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 son nokta d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Plandaki K harfi K\u0131lc\u0131 Mescidi\u0092ni (Damlac\u0131k Camisi), O harfi Odunkap\u0131 Camisi\u0092ni, A harfi de Alia\u011fa Camisi\u0092ni g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak bu planda derenin hapishane yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Sabunhane Caddesi a\u011fz\u0131nda da zemine kar\u0131\u015fmakta oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Belki de bunun nedeni suyun bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde \u0093da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m”\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \r
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\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Damlac\u0131k Deresi suyunun \u0093bo\u015fa akmas\u0131” nedeniyle Nev\u015fehirli Damat \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa 1720 y\u0131l\u0131nda harekete ge\u00e7er ve d\u00f6nemin padi\u015fah\u0131 III. Ahmet\u0092ten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 izinle suyun ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan mescit ve sabunhanelere ak\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00d6te yandan 1856 plan\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz iskelenin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131n\u0131n doldurularak buraya \u0093Yahudi Banyosu” ad\u0131 verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu plan\u0131n ilgin\u00e7 noktalar\u0131ndan biri ise Bahribaba T\u00fcrbesi\u0092nin de i\u015faretlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \r
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Semtin i\u00e7inden do\u011fan Santa Veneranda suyu, ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fmenin bulundu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck alanda Damlac\u0131k Deresi\u0092ne kar\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 930. Sokak \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131 \u00fczerinde, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ayn\u0131 noktada bir \u00e7e\u015fmeye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f kaynaktan do\u011fan bu su iki planda da g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015ftir. Kayna\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu soka\u011f\u0131n daha \u00f6nceki ad\u0131 \u0093Rumku\u015f Soka\u011f\u0131”d\u0131r. Santa Veneranda suyuna ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u0093Rumk\u0131z\u0131” suyunu dendi\u011fini an\u0131msarsak soka\u011fa verilen ad\u0131n buradan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz.\r
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20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0092\u0131n hemen ba\u015f\u0131na tarihleyebildi\u011fimiz ve \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izilen \u0130zmir Su \u015eebekesi Plan\u0131\u0092n\u0131n b\u00f6lge ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meydandaki \u00e7e\u015fmenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meydan\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yer alan kare tabanl\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt kenar\u0131nda da sebili bulunan bu \u00e7e\u015fmenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1930\u0092lar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok plan ve \u00e7izimde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteyse de, daha sonralar\u0131 neden yok oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda bilgimiz bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Adeta bir \u00e7e\u015fmeler cenneti olan Damlac\u0131k semtindeki neredeyse t\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fmeler kurumu\u015f ya da akmaz hale d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fken; Santa Veneranda suyunun hem de olduk\u00e7a iyi bir debiyle hala ak\u0131yor olmas\u0131 da bir ba\u015fka ilgin\u00e7 noktad\u0131r.\r
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Bu \u00e7e\u015fmelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:\r
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Mustafa Efendi \u00c7e\u015fmesi: Damlac\u0131k Mescidi\u0092nin, 448. Sokak cepheli avlu duvar\u0131 \u00fczerindedir. Harap durumdaki \u00e7e\u015fmenin kitabesinde \u00931796 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mustafa o\u011flu Mustafa Efendi taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131” yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \r
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M\u00fch\u00fcrdar Ahmet A\u011fa \u00c7e\u015fmesi: Bir zamanlar Uzunyol olarak s\u00f6ylenen E\u015frefpa\u015fa Caddesi\u0092nin sonunda ve Damlac\u0131k Yoku\u015fu\u0092nun ba\u015f\u0131nda, 446. ve 427. sokaklar k\u00f6\u015fesinde bulunan Odunkap\u0131 Camisi\u0092nin son cemaat yerindedir. Bu \u00e7e\u015fme 1739 y\u0131l\u0131nda, M\u00fch\u00fcrdar Ahmet A\u011fa\u0092n\u0131n vasiyeti gere\u011fince, Gedik Hac\u0131 Mustafa Efendi taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 sokakta bir evin \u00f6n\u00fcne yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da; sonralar\u0131 caminin i\u00e7ine al\u0131narak giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na kurulmu\u015ftur. \r
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Odunkap\u0131l\u0131zade Hac\u0131 Mehmet A\u011fa \u00c7e\u015fmesi: Hac\u0131 Mehmet A\u011fa taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bilinen \u00e7e\u015fme g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\r
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Bu arada yak\u0131n zamana kadar Damlac\u0131k Camisi yan\u0131ndaki eski ad\u0131 K\u0131lc\u0131 olan 448. Sokak merdivenleri \u00fczerindeki mazgaldan zaman zaman sesini duydu\u011fumuz Damlac\u0131k Deresi, Konak T\u00fcneli yap\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan olumsuz etkilenmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Herhalde t\u00fcnel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 derenin yer alt\u0131ndaki yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkilemi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r ki, k\u0131sa zaman \u00f6nce daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimiz bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmu\u015f ve Damlac\u0131k Camisi\u0092nin Kuzeybat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki temelinin oturdu\u011fu tonozun ta\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan su \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu cami i\u00e7in \u00e7ok tehlikeli bir geli\u015fmedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmaz ise ad\u0131m ad\u0131m temeli oyacak olan o su, zaten t\u00fcnel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle ciddi \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz Damlac\u0131k Camisi\u0092nin onar\u0131lamaz zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olabilecektir.\r
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Eski ad\u0131 \u0130\u011fneci olan 426. Sokak\u0092ta yer alan Damlac\u0131k Camisi\u0092nin, 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda in\u015fa edildi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. \u0093K\u0131lc\u0131” ad\u0131yla da an\u0131lan medresenin, ayn\u0131 s\u0131ralarda \u0130zmir\u0092de ya\u015fayan K\u0131lc\u0131zade Ailesi taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da onart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn sonradan yok oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan bir haziresi de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u00fcnl\u00fc Asklepion tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn caminin temelleri alt\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 da olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1933 y\u0131l\u0131 May\u0131s ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, caminin yan\u0131nda bulunan mezarl\u0131k alt\u0131nda 270 metre uzunlu\u011funda ve iki metre geni\u015fli\u011finde, yer alt\u0131 mahzenleri oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan bir bodrum bulunmu\u015ftur.\r
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Ad\u0131n\u0131, ba\u011fr\u0131ndan do\u011fan p\u0131nar\u0131n su damlalar\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz Damlac\u0131k bir yaz\u0131ya s\u0131\u011fd\u0131r\u0131lamayacak kadar gizemi bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00f6zel bir semttir. \u00d6zenle korunmal\u0131, imar hareketlerinin hoyrat dozer darbelerine mahkum edilmemelidir.\r
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***\r
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Dipnotlar<\/b>\r
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(1) Eserin \u00e7evirisi ile birlikte kapsaml\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in bkz: \u0093\u0130zmir\u0092in Suyollar\u0131” Georg Weber. (T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftiren ve Yay\u0131na Haz\u0131rlayan: \u0130lhan P\u0131nar) (\u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130zmir 2011) \r
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(2) \u0093\u0130zmir\u0092in Tarihi Su Getirme Sistemleri” Prof. Dr. \u00dcnal \u00d6zi\u015f, \u0130n\u015f.Y\u00fck. M\u00fch.Yal\u00e7\u0131n \u00d6zdemir, \u0130n\u015f. M\u00fch. Ak\u0131n Kosova, \u0130n\u015f. M\u00fch. Abdullah \u00c7\u00f6rd\u00fck (\u0130zmir Su Kongresi bildirisi, 4-5 Haziran 1999, s. 45-56)\r
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(3) \u0093The Atlas Blaeu-van Der Hem of the Austrian National Library: The World of a Seventeenth-Century Collector” Groot de Erlend (Book 7) (2006)\r
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(4) \u0093Relation du Voyage de Perse Saict par le R. P. Pacifique de Provins…” P\u00e8re Pacifique (Paris 1631, s. 11) (Bu kaynak i\u00e7in \u0130lhan P\u0131nar\u0092a te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.)\r
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(5) \u0093Relation d\u0092un Voyage Fait au Levant” Monsieur Thevenot (Paris 1664, s. 170)\r
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(6) \u0093Histoire Des Trois Derniers Empereurs des Turcs. Depuis 1623. Jufku\u0092a 1677″ Sr. Ricaut (Paris 1682, s. 528-529)\r
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(7) \u0093Two Journeys to Jerusalem” Henry Timberlake – Samuel Brett, (London 1683, s. 160)\r
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(8) \u0093Voyage au Levant” Cornelis de Bruyn (Paris 1714, s. 77)\r
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(9) \u0093Destanlar \u00c7a\u011f\u0131ndan 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131la \u0130zmir” Konstantinos Oikonomos (1817) – Bonaventure F. Slaars (Etude Sur Smyrne) (1868 Smyrne) (\u00c7eviren: Bilge Umar) (2001 \u0130stanbul, s. 97)\r
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(10) \u0093A History of the Levant Company” Charles Wood (Oxford 1935, s. 247)\r
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(11) \u0093An Historical Geography of the Old and New Testament” (Volume II) Edward Wells, D. D. (Oxford 1801, s. 267)\r
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(12) \u0093T\u00fcrkiye\u0092de ve Kom\u015fu B\u00f6lgelerde Sismik Etkinlikler” N. N. Ambraseys – C. F. Finkel (Ankara 2006, s. 152-153)\r
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(13) \u0093Sabatay Sevi. Mesih mi? Sahte Peygamber mi?” Gershom Scholem (Burak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ocak 2001, s. 320)\r
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(14) \u0093Sar\u0131beyo\u011flu\u0092nun \u0130zmir\u0092e Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Avrupal\u0131 T\u00fcccarlar” Necmi \u00dclker (http:\/\/egeweb2.ege.edu.tr\/tid\/dosyalar\/IV_1989\/TIDIV-1989-04.pdf) (s. 46)\r
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(15) \u0093Early Voyages and Travels in the Levant” Thomas Dallam, John Covel, James Theodore Bent (Londra 1893)\r
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(16) Grav\u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynak: \u009319. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0092da \u0130zmir Kenti” Rauf Beyru (Literat\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2011, s. 13)\r
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(17) Luigi Storari plan\u0131. Kaynak: Ahmet Piri\u015ftina Kent Ar\u015fivi ve M\u00fczesi. \r
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(18) Lamec Saad plan\u0131. Kaynak: Ahmet Piri\u015ftina Kent Ar\u015fivi ve M\u00fczesi.<\/i>\r
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Ya\u015far \u00dcR\u00dcK\r
(\u0130zmir Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Toplulu\u011fu)<\/b>

Related Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0093Su damlas\u0131” gibi bir semt \u0093Bir \u015fehirde var olan yer adlar\u0131, o \u015fehrin tarih i\u00e7indeki yerinin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergelerinden biridir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n i\u00e7inden gelen \u0091Kadim\u0092 \u015fehirlerimizin […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64638"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64638"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64638\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}