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<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\u0130\u015fte o koku tan\u0131d\u0131kt\u0131r ama ad\u0131 hemen konulamaz. Burnunuz, h\u0131nz\u0131rca o kokunun pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fer; \u00e7ocuklu\u011funuza, evin en s\u0131cak k\u00f6\u015fesine, unutuldu\u011funu sand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z an\u0131lara do\u011fru… Belli bir ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde olanlar hat\u0131rlar, annemiz \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumuzda bizi le\u011fene oturtur, bir elinde ma\u015frapa di\u011fer elinde bir kal\u0131p sabun sa\u00e7\u0131ndan ba\u015flar suyu d\u00f6kmeye, sa\u00e7lar\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fcrtmeye. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer biraz huysuzluk yaparsan\u0131z ya da \u201cSu s\u0131cak!\u201d diye itiraz ederseniz, kafan\u0131za o me\u015fhur kal\u0131p sabunu yerdiniz. \u015eaka bir yana, ger\u00e7ekten can ac\u0131t\u0131rd\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda ise pa\u015fa pa\u015fa, uslu bir \u00e7ocuk olarak banyo maceras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlard\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
El yap\u0131m\u0131 kal\u0131p sabunun kokusudur <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n Bizim ya\u015flardaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kafas\u0131na kal\u0131p sabun yemeyeni yoktur diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u0130\u015fte Ayval\u0131k sokaklar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken, o el yap\u0131m\u0131 kal\u0131p sabunun kokusudur, burnunuza ula\u015fan genzinizin ta derinliklerine kadar giden o kafan\u0131za yedi\u011finiz kal\u0131p sabunun kokusudur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Baz\u0131 kokular vard\u0131r; sizi bir anda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Zeytinya\u011f\u0131 sabununun o kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc, temiz ve yal\u0131n kokusu da b\u00f6yledir. Sadece bir temizlik malzemesi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir eme\u011fin, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ve bir kentin haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fte! Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta 28 sabunhane faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor; \u00fcretilen sabun Avrupa\u2019ya ihra\u00e7 ediliyor. Tonlarca sabun \u00fcretiliyor kentte, sahil boyunca uzan\u0131yor sabun fabrikalar\u0131, onlarca usta, yard\u0131mc\u0131, damgac\u0131s\u0131 ayr\u0131, paketleyeni ayr\u0131 y\u00fczlerce insana i\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Y\u0131lda 350 ton \u00fcretiliyordu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n Bu fabrikalardan birinde, Murat Sabunculuk\u2019ta y\u0131lda 350 tona kadar sabun \u00fcretiliyor; ekip gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak sipari\u015fleri yeti\u015ftirmeye u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yordu. Sabun yapmak, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda basit bir \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Oysa i\u00e7ine girildi\u011finde sab\u0131r, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc ve ustal\u0131k isteyen incelikli bir zanaat oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Her \u015fey b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kazanda kaynayan ya\u011fla ba\u015flar. Bir yanda odun k\u00fcl\u00fc s\u0131cak suyla bulu\u015fur; dibe \u00e7\u00f6ken k\u00fcl\u00fcn \u00fczerinden al\u0131nan berrak su, sabunun kaderini belirleyecek kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ard\u0131ndan kostik eklenir ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 ustan\u0131n elinde \u015fekillenir. Ben de sanki y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin sabun yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bir belgeseli izler gibi, son sabun ustas\u0131 Ali Murat Kar\u015f\u0131n\u2019\u0131 dinledim. O anlatt\u0131k\u00e7a ben ge\u00e7mi\u015fe gittim. Anac\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131n, elindeki sabun kal\u0131b\u0131yla sa\u00e7\u0131m\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fcrtmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 o y\u0131llar, bir film \u015feridi gibi g\u00f6zlerimin \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ip gitti…<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcler \u015fa\u015fmaz: 18 kilo su, 2 kilo k\u00fcl, 3 kilo kostik… Ve elbette ayn\u0131 oranda ya\u011f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n Sonras\u0131 sab\u0131r i\u015fidir. Saatler s\u00fcren kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, yava\u015f yava\u015f de\u011fi\u015fen k\u0131vam… Kremsi bir dokuya ula\u015fan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma eklenen bir miktar tuz, i\u015fin inceli\u011fini tamamlar. Dileyenler ho\u015f kokularla zenginle\u015ftirir sabunu; ama asl\u0131nda en kal\u0131c\u0131 koku, eme\u011fin kendisidir. Kal\u0131plara d\u00f6k\u00fclen, kesilen ve g\u00fcnlerce kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131lan sabunlar, sonunda do\u011fall\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hayat\u0131m\u0131za kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu hik\u00e2ye sadece sabunun hik\u00e2yesi de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bir kentin, Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n da hik\u00e2yesidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ad\u0131 Ali Murat Kar\u015f\u0131n. Ayval\u0131k do\u011fumlu<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n Sabun i\u015fine 8 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131rak olarak ba\u015flayan Ali Murat Kar\u015f\u0131n, yaz aylar\u0131nda durmaks\u0131z\u0131n sabun \u00fcretiminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f. E\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, babas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 ilerleyince i\u015fi yava\u015f yava\u015f kendisine devretti\u011fini belirten Murat Usta, kaynamal\u0131 sabun \u00fcretimini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBiz kaynamal\u0131 sabun \u00fcretimi yap\u0131yoruz. Sabun kaynad\u0131k\u00e7a i\u00e7indeki fazla maddeler suya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r; bu nedenle kaynamal\u0131 sabun her zaman daha kaliteli olur. \u00dcretimde odun ate\u015fi kullan\u0131r\u0131z. Kazan\u0131m\u0131zda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5\u20133 tonluk bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m kaynar. \u0130lk olarak 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kazanla ba\u015flad\u0131k, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve y\u00fcksek kapasiteli bir ocak kurduk.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ailenin lakab\u0131 \u201cEkonomi\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ailesinin m\u00fcbadele d\u00f6neminde Girit\u2019ten Ayval\u0131k\u2019a geldi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatan Murat Usta, dedelerinin \u00f6nce farkl\u0131 i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, askerlik sonras\u0131 toptanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ailesinin, zamanla sabun ve zeytinya\u011f\u0131 i\u015finin \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131yla bu alana y\u00f6neldi\u011fini ifade eden Ali Murat Kar\u015f\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n\n\n \u201cHem zahirecilik hem de zeytin ve sabun ticareti yapm\u0131\u015flar. \u201cEkonomi\u201d lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lan dedelerimizin izinden giderek bu i\u015fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fck. Babam da i\u015fletmeyi a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bana ithafen \u201cMurat Sabunlar\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f.1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta 28 sabunhane vard\u0131 ve buradan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir\u00e7ok yerine sabun g\u00f6nderiliyordu. O d\u00f6nemlerde y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 350 ton \u00fcretim yap\u0131l\u0131rken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu rakam 20\u201330 ton seviyelerine kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. S\u0131v\u0131 sabun ve \u015fampuan kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla geleneksel sabun \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azald\u0131. \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecinde \u00f6nce zeytinya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazana al\u0131r\u0131z. Ard\u0131ndan kostik \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi eklenerek sabunla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi ba\u015flar. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn kaynar. Daha sonra dinlendirilir ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak hamurun b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u0130stenirse esans eklenebilir, ancak biz tamamen do\u011fal \u00fcretim yap\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fler k\u00fcrekle el g\u00fcc\u00fcyle yap\u0131l\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n O y\u0131llarda makineler yokken t\u00fcm kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin k\u00fcrekle, el g\u00fcc\u00fcyle yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, haz\u0131rlanan sabun hamurunun teknelere d\u00f6k\u00fclerek kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Murat Usta, ard\u0131ndan mastar \u00e7ekilerek ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elde edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Daha sonra sabunun d\u00fczg\u00fcn kesilmesi i\u00e7in i\u015faretlendi\u011fini ve ip yard\u0131m\u0131yla kesim yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Murat Usta, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli bir bak\u0131\u015fla o y\u0131llar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle hat\u0131rl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Do\u011fal sabun kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye ederim<\/strong>“<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cEskiden bu kesim i\u015fleri i\u00e7in ekipler olur, sabunhaneleri dola\u015farak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Kesim s\u0131ras\u0131nda ustal\u0131k \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hata sabunun yamuk kesilmesine neden olabilir. Kesim sonras\u0131 sabunlar kontrol edilir ve kurumaya b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. Sabunun y\u00fczeyinin bozulmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ustalar \u00f6zel ayakkab\u0131lar giyerdi. Ayval\u0131k\u2019taki sabunhaneler genellikle deniz kenar\u0131nda kurulurdu. Bunun sebebi, meltem r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n sabunun daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kaliteli kurumas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131yd\u0131. \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecinde her ustan\u0131n ayr\u0131 g\u00f6revi vard\u0131. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n Ustaba\u015f\u0131 kesimi ve kaliteyi kontrol eder, damgac\u0131lar sabunlara damga basar ve paketleme i\u015flemini yapard\u0131. Eskiden sabunlar kanevi\u00e7e torbalara konur, bu sayede ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken de kurumaya devam ederdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise naylon ambalaj kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Son a\u015famada sabunlar paketlenir. \u00dczerlerinde marka ad\u0131, \u00fcretici bilgisi ve T\u00fcrk Standartlar\u0131\u2019na uygunluk bilgileri yer al\u0131r. Bu sabunlar tamamen do\u011fald\u0131r. \u0130nsanlara da do\u011fal sabun kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye ederim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu meslekler yava\u015f yava\u015f yok oluyor. Ben Ali Murat Kar\u015f\u0131n… Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n son sabun ustalar\u0131ndan biriyim.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yerle\u015fim kimli\u011fi kazan\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bug\u00fcn Ege\u2019nin en karakteristik yerle\u015fimlerinden biri olan Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar eski ve kesintisiz de\u011fildir. Uzun y\u0131llar korsan tehdidi alt\u0131nda kalan bu k\u0131y\u0131lar, ancak 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ger\u00e7ek anlamda bir yerle\u015fim kimli\u011fi kazanmaya ba\u015flar. Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinde ad\u0131na ancak bu d\u00f6nemlerde rastlan\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir k\u0131y\u0131 kasabas\u0131d\u0131r ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ne de\u011fi\u015fir peki?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tarih sahnesine b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar \u00e7\u0131kar. 1774 tarihli K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kaynarca Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile birlikte Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ticaret dengeleri sars\u0131l\u0131r, yeni kap\u0131lar aralan\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle liman kentleri, uluslararas\u0131 ticaretin etkisiyle h\u0131zla d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Ayval\u0131k da bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn tam ortas\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fcy\u00fc, geli\u015fir, zenginle\u015fir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde Ayval\u0131k, \u0130zmir\u2019den sonra Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019nun en \u00f6nemli ticaret ve \u00fcretim merkezlerinden biri haline gelir. Bu y\u00fckseli\u015fte pek \u00e7ok etken vard\u0131r: Avrupa ile kurulan ticari ba\u011flar, deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 avantajlar, verimli topraklar… Ama belki de en belirleyici unsur, zeytindir.<\/p>\n\n\n Zeytin, bu co\u011frafyada sadece bir tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fildir; bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imidir. Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen zeytinlikler, kentin ekonomik damar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Midilli\u2019den gelen n\u00fcfusun katk\u0131lar\u0131yla zeytinya\u011f\u0131 ve sabun \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ivme kazan\u0131r. Fabrikalar kurulur, sabunhaneler \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r, ticaret a\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fler. Ve b\u00f6ylece bir kentin kaderi, sabunun k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u015fekillenir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bug\u00fcn elimizi uzat\u0131p ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z o sade sabun kal\u0131b\u0131, asl\u0131nda y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n birikimini ta\u015f\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde denizin tuzu, topra\u011f\u0131n bereketi ve insan eme\u011finin izleri vard\u0131r. Belki de bu y\u00fczden, her sabun par\u00e7as\u0131 biraz ge\u00e7mi\u015f kokar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve baz\u0131 kokular, ger\u00e7ekten hi\u00e7 unutulmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ***<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kafan\u0131za o me\u015fhur kal\u0131p sabunu yerdiniz <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n \u00c7ocuklar i\u00e7in banyolar kullan\u0131lmazd\u0131. O y\u0131llarda \u00e7ocuklar \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmesin, hasta olmas\u0131n diye, anneler sobay\u0131 yakar, odan\u0131n i\u00e7i iyice \u0131s\u0131n\u0131nca banyo fasl\u0131 ba\u015flard\u0131. Belli bir ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde olanlar \u00e7ok iyi hat\u0131rlar, annemiz \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumuzda bizi le\u011fene oturtur, bir elinde ma\u015frapa di\u011fer elinde bir kal\u0131p sabun sa\u00e7\u0131ndan ba\u015flar suyu d\u00f6kmeye, sa\u00e7lar\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fcrtmeye. E\u011fer biraz huysuzluk yaparsan\u0131z ya da \u201cSu s\u0131cak!\u201d diye itiraz ederseniz, kafan\u0131za o me\u015fhur kal\u0131p sabunu yerdiniz. \u015eaka bir yana, ger\u00e7ekten insan\u0131n can\u0131n\u0131 ac\u0131t\u0131rd\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda ise pa\u015fa pa\u015fa, uslu uslu banyo maceras\u0131n\u0131 tamamlard\u0131k. Banyo maceras\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, odan\u0131n i\u00e7i mis gibi zeytinya\u011fl\u0131 el yap\u0131m\u0131 sabundan yay\u0131lan kokuyla dolard\u0131. O koku odadan g\u00fcnlerce \u00e7\u0131kmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n – Bir Kentin Kimli\u011fi: Ayval\u0131k Zeytinya\u011f\u0131 ve Sabun Fabrikalar\u0131, <\/strong>Dr. Berrin Ak\u0131n Akb\u00fcber<\/strong><\/p>\n Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n tarihi kent sokaklar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcmek, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bir yerden bir yere gitmek de\u011fildir. As\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan, at\u0131lan her ad\u0131mda ge\u00e7mi\u015fin izlerini takip edebilmektir. Tescilli binalar\u0131 […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":126137,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126133"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126133"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":126160,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126133\/revisions\/126160"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/126137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nRelated Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"