{"id":107748,"date":"2021-04-23T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-23T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/?p=107748"},"modified":"2021-04-26T00:32:51","modified_gmt":"2021-04-25T21:32:51","slug":"ayvalik-ayazmasi-panagia-phaneromeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/2021\/04\/23\/ayvalik-ayazmasi-panagia-phaneromeni\/","title":{"rendered":"Ayval\u0131k Ayazmas\u0131 (Panagia Phaneromeni)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yolunuz d\u00fc\u015ferse mutlaka gidin, hem binan\u0131n i\u00e7inde hem de bah\u00e7esinde musluklardan akan buz gibi suyundan i\u00e7in, y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc y\u0131kay\u0131n. Rivayet odur ki, y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc y\u0131kayanlar g\u00fcnahlar\u0131ndan ar\u0131n\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayval\u0131k denilince pek \u00e7ok kimsenin akl\u0131na ilk olarak Cunda geliyor olmal\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Sar\u0131msakl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n muhte\u015fem plajlar\u0131, adalar\u0131, koylar\u0131 ve de papalinas\u0131 geliyor. Ama kentin eski sokaklar\u0131nda dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz ki her kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan tarih f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yor. Her kap\u0131n\u0131n, pencerenin, ta\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndan bir \u00f6yk\u00fc \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta. Dokundu\u011funuz duvar, bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z baca, uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z her pencere an\u0131larla dolu, an\u0131larla y\u00fckl\u00fc. Zar ta\u015fla kapl\u0131 darac\u0131k sokaklar\u0131, Rumlardan kalan yap\u0131lar, kiliseden bozma camiler, ayakta kalanlar, y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p gidenler, y\u0131k\u0131lmamak i\u00e7in direnenler. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kiremitli \u00e7at\u0131lar, sardunya s\u00fcsl\u00fc pencereler, kedileriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc mekanlar, k\u00f6peklere sevdal\u0131 sokaklar, dost canl\u0131s\u0131 insanlar\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu b\u00f6lgeye Macaron da deniliyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barbaros Caddesi, Macaron da denilen b\u00f6lgede yer al\u0131yor. Turizm sezonunda i\u011fne atsan yere d\u00fc\u015fmez s\u00f6z\u00fcne uygun, renkli mi renkli, c\u0131v\u0131l c\u0131v\u0131l, esnaf\u0131yla, halk\u0131yla, tatl\u0131s\u0131yla, tuzlusuyla, butik otelleriyle, butik lokantalar\u0131yla, rengarenk kap\u0131lar\u0131yla misafirlerini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu cadde \u00fczerinde bulunan eski g\u00f6rkemli bir yap\u0131 Ayval\u0131k Ayazmas\u0131. D\u00f6nemin belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015fimleriyle aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir bina. Size mimari yap\u0131s\u0131yla, bulundu\u011fu soka\u011fa g\u00fc\u00e7 katan heybetli havas\u0131yla, s\u00fctunlar\u0131yla, vitray s\u00fcsl\u00fc camlar\u0131yla, yirmi d\u00f6rt saat akan suyuyla, b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc ortam\u0131yla Ayval\u0131k Ayazmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 anlatmak istiyorum. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fcya ile ba\u015flayan kaz\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cPanagia Phaneromeni Ayazmas\u0131\u201d heybetiyle bir d\u00f6nem kent i\u00e7indeki en \u00fcnl\u00fc ve en \u00f6nemli dini yap\u0131s\u0131ym\u0131\u015f, daha sonraki y\u0131llarda, \u00e7e\u015fitli afetlerle yok olup gitmi\u015f. Panagia\u2019n\u0131n ikonas\u0131 bir r\u00fcyan\u0131n sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir kaz\u0131 ile 28 Haziran 1852 y\u0131l\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f. Bulunan bu alana, 1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda Chios’lu (Sak\u0131z Adas\u0131) kaptan Mihalis Papazis\u2019in harcamalar\u0131yla bir ayazma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk y\u0131l sonra, 1890\u2019da ayazma bozularak \u00fczerine daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ayazma in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Ayazma kentin dini ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131nda 1920 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar egemen olmu\u015f. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan gelen m\u00fcbadeleyle b\u00f6lgede sadece T\u00fcrklerin kalmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan etkinli\u011fini tamamen yitirmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayazma\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi biraz ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara d\u00f6nelim, Ayazma\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelenleri, ya\u015fananlar\u0131 ve bug\u00fcne kadar gelen tarihsel s\u00fcrece bir bakal\u0131m. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan 1821 \u201cMora Ayaklanmas\u0131\u201d Bat\u0131 Anadolu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na da s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131. Bunun sonucunda Ayval\u0131k ve Cunda Adas\u0131 Rumlar\u0131 da isyanc\u0131larla birle\u015ferek 1821 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n May\u0131s ay\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti. Halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131 terk ederek adalara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Mora \u0130htil\u00e2li hen\u00fcz bitmeden \u0130stanbul\u2019da padi\u015fah, da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Ayval\u0131k Rum halk\u0131n\u0131n eski yerlerine d\u00f6nmeleri konusunda \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 davrand\u0131. Ayval\u0131k halk\u0131n\u0131n affedilmesi, d\u00f6nenlerin yerle\u015ftirilmesi konusunda bir buyruk \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. 18 May\u0131s 1824 tarihinde Midilli Muhaf\u0131z\u0131 Mustafa A\u011fa\u2019dan Bab\u0131\u00e2li\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen bir yaz\u0131da, Ayval\u0131k ve Cunda Adas\u0131 halk\u0131n\u0131n \u201ccelp ve isk\u00e2n\u201d edildi\u011fi ifade ediliyordu. Yava\u015f yava\u015f Ayval\u0131k ve Cunda Adas\u0131\u2019na gelerek yerle\u015fen Rum halk\u0131na daha sonra zeytinlik verildi. Rum halk\u0131n\u0131n geriye d\u00f6nmeleri 1832 ile 1840 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tamamland\u0131. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ayval\u0131k olduk\u00e7a tahrip olmu\u015ftu. Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n yeniden canlanmas\u0131yla kiliseler ve \u00f6nemli yap\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayval\u0131k Ayazmas\u0131 da yine bu zamanda yenilendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kutsal hastane yeniden kuruldu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayval\u0131k tahribat\u0131ndan sonra 1832-1840 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Rumlar\u0131n yeniden Ayval\u0131k\u2019a d\u00f6nmesinden sonra \u201cKutsal Hastane\u201d yeniden kurulmu\u015f. Bu hastanenin maddi a\u00e7\u0131dan desteklenmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Enneaimera <\/em>diye an\u0131lan \u201cDokuz G\u00fcnl\u00fck Yortu\u201d 23 A\u011fustos 1840\u2019ta ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu \u201cDokuz G\u00fcnl\u00fck Yortu\u201d Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yortuymu\u015f. 15 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn (Koimesis<\/em>) ba\u015flay\u0131p, dokuz g\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcyormu\u015f. 23 A\u011fustos\u2019ta da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bayramla kutlan\u0131yormu\u015f. 1890 Ayazmas\u0131’n\u0131n havuzunun basamaklar\u0131n\u0131n dokuz adet olu\u015fu da yortunun dokuz g\u00fcn olu\u015fuyla benzerlik g\u00f6steriyormu\u015f. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu yortunun gelirleri hastaneye kal\u0131yormu\u015f. Bu kutlamalar Hagios Haralampos Kilisesi\u2019nde yap\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f, Panagia Phaneromeni Ayazmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemliymi\u015f. Burada da dualar ediliyormu\u015f. Panagia Phaneromeni Ayazmas\u0131 i\u00e7in iki \u00f6nemli g\u00fcn varm\u0131\u015f. Birincisi bu ayazman\u0131n kurulu\u015funa neden olan ikonan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcn olan 28 Haziran 1852 tarihi, di\u011feri ise 23 A\u011fustos\u2019ta yap\u0131lan \u201cEnneaimera <\/em>Yortusu\u201dymu\u015f.

Tarihsel ve dinsel olay say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Panagia Phaneromeni\u2019nin 28 Haziran 1852\u2019de ikonas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olay olmu\u015f. \u00c7evre ve b\u00f6lge sakinleri i\u00e7in bu bulu\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tarihsel ve dinsel olay say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, inanc\u0131 canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen mucizeler, Meryem\u2019in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve korundu\u011funu kan\u0131tlayan bir tanr\u0131sal i\u015faret olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f. Halk bu ikonan\u0131n bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcnden itibaren cesaretini yeniden kazanm\u0131\u015f. Toprak ekilmi\u015f, zeytinlikler ve asmal\u0131klar da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde i\u015flenmi\u015f. Zeytinya\u011f\u0131 at\u00f6lyeleri ve fabrikalar\u0131 kurulmu\u015f. Gemiler yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara Phaneromeni\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fine inan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. B\u00f6ylelikle onlar i\u00e7in yeniden bir hayat ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Bu zenginli\u011fin sonunda kentte \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck imar hareketleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Nitekim bug\u00fcn ayakta kalan b\u00fct\u00fcn bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n bu tarihten sonra yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Panagia\u2019n\u0131n ikonas\u0131, Ayazma\u2019da de\u011fil Hagios Haralampos Kilisesi\u2019nde yer al\u0131yormu\u015f. Hagios Haralampos\u2019un rahipleri bu ikonay\u0131 al\u0131p, Ayval\u0131k i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tarlalarda ve bir\u00e7ok yerde onunla kutsama yap\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu kutsama s\u0131ras\u0131nda toplanan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar, hastane gelirlerine kaydediliyormu\u015f. En b\u00fcy\u00fck bayram ise 23 A\u011fustos\u2019ta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyormu\u015f. Bu bayram, yine Hagios Haralampos Kilisesi\u2019nde ve b\u00fct\u00fcn kiliselerde kutlan\u0131yormu\u015f. Ayazma\u2019da da yine b\u00fcy\u00fck dualar yap\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f.

16 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Ayval\u0131kl\u0131 Evaggelini<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Panagia Phaneromeni\u2019nin ikonas\u0131, 28 Haziran 1852\u2019de bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu yerde, sahilden yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 metre uzakl\u0131kta bulunan ve Saliokola (veya Saliokoula\u2019n\u0131n Bah\u00e7esi) denilen yerde bulunmu\u015f. Ta\u015fral\u0131, i\u00e7inde Tanr\u0131 sevgisi olan Ayval\u0131kl\u0131 Evaggelini isimli 16 ya\u015flar\u0131nda bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun 1851 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bir pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu r\u00fcyan\u0131n sonucunda ikonan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, s\u00f6z konusu alanda uzun s\u00fcre kaz\u0131lar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Kaz\u0131lar sonucunda Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n ikonas\u0131 ve kutsal su ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Daha sonra \u201cKassiani\u201d ismiyle rahibe olan bu k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yor.

\u0130kona, Hagios Haralampos Kilisesi\u2019nde tutuluyormu\u015f <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kona\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tarih olan 1852\u2019den Rumlar\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lgeden gitti\u011fi 1922 tarihine kadar bu Ayazma, Ayval\u0131k ve \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelerdeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck tap\u0131nma alan\u0131 ve dini merkez olmu\u015f. \u0130kona, o zaman\u0131n halk\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ve kaynaklarda ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f veya alt\u0131n kaplamal\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutta ve ah\u015faptan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekmeceli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveye sahip. Bu ikona, daha \u00e7ok Hagios Haralampos Kilisesi\u2019nde tutuluyormu\u015f ve hem Ayazma\u2019y\u0131 hem de evleri, tarlalar\u0131 kutsamak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak gezdiriliyormu\u015f.1876 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131lan ayin kitab\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki grav\u00fcrde Meryem Ana, sa\u011f elinde khiton <\/em>giyimli ve ayakta duran \u0130sa\u2019y\u0131 tutuyor. \u0130sa, sa\u011f elini \u00f6ne uzatm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fc\u00e7 parma\u011f\u0131 da kutsama pozisyonunda. Sol eliyle ise Meryem Ana\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcndeki yer k\u00fcreyi tutuyor. Meryem Ana, sa\u011f eliyle \u0130sa\u2019ya sar\u0131lmakta ve sol eliyle de ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 tutuyor olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte.

2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bal\u0131kesir M\u00fczesi\u2019nin Prof. Dr. \u00d6mer \u00d6zyi\u011fit dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ayazma’da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaz\u0131lar sonucunda 1867 ve 1890 ayazmalar\u0131n\u0131n havuzlar\u0131 bulunmu\u015f. Prof. Dr. \u00d6mer \u00d6zyi\u011fit ve ekibi, yap\u0131n\u0131n r\u00f6l\u00f6ve, restit\u00fcsyon ve restorasyon projelerini haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f. Proje, Bursa An\u0131tlar Kurulu\u2019nca bir y\u0131l sonra 2012\u2019de onaylanm\u0131\u015f. Restorasyon i\u00e7in gerekli maddi destek Ayval\u0131k Belediyesi \u00f6nderli\u011finde 2016 senesinde sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f. \u0130ki Ayval\u0131kl\u0131 kuzen olan Muhtar Kent ve \u015eerif Kaynar’\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde ve Ayval\u0131k\u2019a inanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin de destekleriyle proje finanse edilmi\u015f ve Ayazma herkesin ziyaretine a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n