{"id":107012,"date":"2021-03-03T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-03T19:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/?p=107012"},"modified":"2021-03-05T13:04:35","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T10:04:35","slug":"ayvalikin-taksiyarhis-anit-muzesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/2021\/03\/03\/ayvalikin-taksiyarhis-anit-muzesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n Taksiyarhis An\u0131t M\u00fczesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7ok say\u0131da kitab\u0131, \u00e7evirileri, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve \u015fiirleriyle bilinen Ayval\u0131kl\u0131 gazeteci yazar rahmetli Ahmet Yorulmaz, kent i\u00e7indeki kiliseleri \u201cAyval\u0131k\u2019\u0131 Gezerken\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAyval\u0131k\u2019taki kiliselerin listesi biraz uzundur. Kent i\u00e7inde on bir tane! Da\u011fda bay\u0131rda \u2018eksoklisi\u2019 dedikleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck kiliseler ve yine ibadet yeri olarak kullan\u0131labilecek manast\u0131rlar hari\u00e7. Bu denli kilise \u00e7oklu\u011funu dindarl\u0131klar\u0131na m\u0131, n\u00fcfus \u00e7okluklar\u0131na m\u0131 verirsiniz? Yoksa insano\u011flunu \u00f6zg\u00fcr b\u0131rakmamak, her yerde kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na dikilmek isteyen Klerikalizm\u2019in (kilisecili\u011fin) bask\u0131s\u0131na m\u0131 verirsiniz?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

On bir kiliseden geriye kalanlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n merkezinde camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kiliseler s\u0131ralan\u0131yor ard\u0131 ard\u0131na. Hayrettin Pa\u015fa Camisi (Kato Panaya), Saatli Camisi (Ayos Yannis) ve \u00c7\u0131narl\u0131 Camisi. (Ayos Yorgis) Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131lda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Rumlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu bir kent Ayval\u0131k. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan m\u00fcbadeleye kadar b\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131. \u00d6yle olunca da \u00e7ok say\u0131da kiliseye ve kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ancak Ahmet Yorulmaz \u201cAyval\u0131k\u2019\u0131 Gezerken\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda baz\u0131 kiliselerin, Ayiu Vasiliyu \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi izine rastlayamad\u0131klar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyor. M\u00fcbadelenin ard\u0131ndan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun yerle\u015fmesiyle birlikte, cami ihtiyac\u0131 kiliselerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Asl\u0131nda iyi de olmu\u015f. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc cemaati olmayan kiliseler, gerek define avc\u0131lar\u0131, gerekse o mahallede ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocuk taraf\u0131ndan talan edilmi\u015f. \u00c7ok de\u011ferli eserler ya \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ya da par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f yok edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aya Triada\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taksiyarhis Kilisesi\u2019ni Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta Rumlar taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilen ilk kilisesi olmas\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi nedeniyle tan\u0131tmak ve anlatmak istiyorum. Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcze olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcren tek kilise Taksiyarhis. Bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi daha var; kilisenin bulundu\u011fu yer kentin ilk mahallesiymi\u015f. H\u0131ristiyanlar ve memuriyet g\u00f6reviyle Ayval\u0131k\u2019ta bulunan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, bu kesimde birlikte oturmu\u015flar. \u0130\u00e7indeki dinsel tasvirler (ikonlar) y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r var, baz\u0131lar\u0131 bal\u0131k derisi \u00fczerine i\u015flenmi\u015f de\u011ferli tablolarm\u0131\u015f birka\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7oluk \u00e7ocu\u011fun, bilin\u00e7siz insanlar\u0131n verdikleri zararlardan kurtar\u0131labilenler Bursa Arkeoloji M\u00fczesi\u2019nde koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. K\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u00f6rnek de Aya Triada Kilisesi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler. Rumlar m\u00fcbadele ile kenti terk ettikten sonra, kilisenin ba\u015f\u0131na gelmeyen kalmam\u0131\u015f, tekel deposu olarak bile kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, i\u00e7inde ne var yok \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7at\u0131 zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcnce de \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f gitmi\u015f. Neyse ki bug\u00fcnlerde restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flayacak da kilise aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keyifli bir yol haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taksiyarhis Kilisesi\u2019ne Arnavut kald\u0131r\u0131mlardan, kesme ta\u015flar ile d\u00f6\u015fenmi\u015f darac\u0131k sokaklardan ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Talat Pa\u015fa Caddesi\u2019nde sak\u0131z kurabiyesiyle \u00fcnl\u00fc G\u00fcler Pastahanesi\u2019ne tabi ki u\u011framadan olmaz. Bu arada Sebze ve Meyve Hali\u2019nde Ayval\u0131k Belediyesi\u2019nin m\u00fclkiyetindeki zeytinliklerden elde edip, yine kendisine ait kooperatif sat\u0131\u015f merkezindeki zeytinya\u011flardan sat\u0131n almadan ge\u00e7meyin derim. Talat Pa\u015fa Caddesi\u2019nin sonundan sola d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Cumhuriyet Caddesi kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kacak. Tarihi f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n, yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek gibi mekanlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bu caddenin sa\u011f\u0131nda yer alan 1. Fethiye Caddesi\u2019ne giri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda m\u00fczenin y\u00f6n levhas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz. Soka\u011f\u0131n solundaki ikinci levhay\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za t\u00fcm heybetiyle, 15. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda in\u015fa edilen Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n ilk kilisesi Taksiyarhis \u00e7\u0131kacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nemden ge\u00e7mi\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taksiyarhis Kilisesi, On Be\u015finci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kilise olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Bema\u2019n\u0131n (5) \u00fczerindeki Pavlus ve Petrus\u2019un binan\u0131n tanr\u0131ya sunumu freskosu ile G\u00fcney bah\u00e7e giri\u015finin \u00fczerindeki 1853 tarihli kitabe var. \u00dc\u00e7 kubbeli iki katl\u0131 bazilikal planl\u0131 ikinci d\u00f6nem yap\u0131ya ili\u015fkin verileri buradan \u00f6\u011frendik. Giri\u015fin \u00fczerinde yer alan 1844 tarihli kitabeden de 3. D\u00f6nem bazilika yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n be\u015fik tonozlu ve \u00fcst ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131yla ah\u015fap olarak in\u015fa edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00dc\u00e7 Nefli (4) kiliseye Bat\u0131 cephesinde yer alan narteksten \u00fc\u00e7 adet ana giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131yla giriliyor. Kilisede orta Nef\u2019de arslan betimlemeli al\u00e7\u0131 r\u00f6lyefle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f Ambon (6) yer al\u0131yor. Aziz ikonalar\u0131 bulunan bu noktaya d\u00f6ner bir merdivenle \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7apraz\u0131nda yer alan katedral bitkisel bezemeli mermer kabartma ve alt\u0131n varakla bezenmi\u015f. Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam hikayesinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mermer ikonalarla donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, gene mermer kabartma ve alt\u0131n bezemeli olarak i\u015flenmi\u015f ikonostasisi ge\u00e7ince, arka b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer alan Apsis\u2019e (3) ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Yap\u0131n\u0131n ikinci kat\u0131ndaki 16 pencereli, yuvarlak kemerli, ah\u015fap, \u201cU\u201d bi\u00e7imli \u00fcst galeri, kad\u0131nlar b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Gynaikeion\u2019dur. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcme Kuzey\u2019de \u00e7an kuleli ta\u015f merdivenlerle ve G\u00fcney\u2019de ah\u015fap merdivenlerle ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanat\u00e7\u0131 M. Pizdem\u2019in elinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki mermer taklidi duvar bezemeleri, ah\u015fap ba\u011fdadi \u00fczerine kire\u00e7 s\u0131va yap\u0131larak secco ( kuru s\u0131va \u00fczeri kalem i\u015fi) boyama \u015feklinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu eklektik tarzdaki mermer taklitlerinin, yap\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcney k\u00f6\u015fesindeki 07.12.1893 tarihli imzaya g\u00f6re M. Pizdem adl\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayval\u0131k\u2019\u0131n deprem b\u00f6lgesinde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle zaman i\u00e7erinde de\u011fi\u015fik d\u00f6nemlerde hasar g\u00f6ren binada tamir ama\u00e7l\u0131 restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 duvar bezemeleri ve resimlerden g\u00f6zlemlenebiliyor. Bu yenileme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda kubbedeki fresco olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Pantokrator \u0130sa \u0130konas\u0131 ile be\u015fik tonozun \u00e7evresindeki havari resimlerinin neo-klasik tarzdaki ya\u011fl\u0131boya tablo resimleri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tekel deposu olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne ilgin\u00e7tir ki, Tekel ba\u015fka alan bulamam\u0131\u015f gibi kentteki \u00f6nemli kiliseleri depo olarak kullanm\u0131\u015f, y\u0131pranmalar\u0131na neden olmu\u015f, yukar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim Aya Triada\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler gibi. Taksiyarhis Kilisesi\u2019ne 1894 tarihinde yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeyle neo-klasik \u00fcslupta ve i\u00e7 dekorasyonu eklektik olarak tamamlanm\u0131\u015f. Ama m\u00fcbadelenin ard\u0131ndan, 1927 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren uzun s\u00fcre \u201cTekel Deposu\u201d olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra terk edilen yap\u0131 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca restore edilmi\u015f ve 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cTaksiyarhis An\u0131t M\u00fczesi\u201d olarak hizmete sunulmu\u015f. \u0130yi ki de sunulmu\u015f. Hayrettin Pa\u015fa Camisi (Kato Panaya), Saatli Camisi (Ayos Yannis) ve \u00c7\u0131narl\u0131 Camisi. (Ayos Yorgis) M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ibadet alanlar\u0131 olarak ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f. Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n el at\u0131p m\u00fcze olarak sahiplendi\u011fi Taksiyarhis An\u0131t M\u00fczesi kente gelen yerli ve yabanc\u0131 konuklar\u0131n en \u00e7ok gezdi\u011fi tarihi yap\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yerini sonsuza kadar alacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kathedra (Despot Koltu\u011fu)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015frahip ya da kilise ileri gelenlerinin ayin boyunca oturdu\u011fu taht. Kathedtra\u2019n\u0131n oturma yerinin sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n fig\u00fcr\u00fc yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kon Ni\u015fleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kilisenin Naos\u2019unun (2) Bat\u0131 giri\u015finde yer alan Ni\u015f\u2019ler (1) Ortadoks Kiliselerinde \u0130sa ve Meryem\u2019in ikonalar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi yer. Ancak \u00e7evresi bitkisel motiflerle bezenmi\u015f olan ni\u015flerin i\u00e7inde ikonlar bulunmay\u0131p, depo olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamana ait kur\u015fun kalem ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7izimler yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Ni\u015f: \u00c7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7larla a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck h\u00fccre ve oyuklara verilen isimdir.
(2) Naos: Bir bazilikada orta ve yan neflerden meydana gelen, cemaatin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mekan.
(3) Apsis: Kilisenin en kutsal b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne verilen isim
(4) Nef: Apsise dik do\u011frultuda, birbirlerinden s\u00fctun ya da ayak dizileriyle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, uzunlamas\u0131na mekanlar\u0131n her biri
(5) Bema: Erken H\u0131ristiyan  kiliselerinde ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksek\u00e7e platform
(6) Ambon : \u00dczerine rahip ya da diyakozlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karak vaaz verdi\u011fi ya da kutsal kitab\u0131 okudu\u011fu bir k\u00fcrs\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n