{"id":101512,"date":"2019-05-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/?p=101512"},"modified":"2019-05-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-05-25T00:00:00","slug":"adan-zye-misir-ve-nil-gezisinden-notlar-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/2019\/05\/25\/adan-zye-misir-ve-nil-gezisinden-notlar-5\/","title":{"rendered":"A’dan Z’ye M\u0131s\u0131r ve Nil gezisinden notlar – 5"},"content":{"rendered":"A’dan Z’ye M\u0131s\u0131r ve Nil gezisinden notlar\u0131m\u0131 payla\u015fmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorum…
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\r\nEbu Simbel Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131:<\/b> Eski M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en \u00fcnl\u00fc firavunu 2. Ramses’in yapt\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tap\u0131naklar toplulu\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n en g\u00fcneyinde, bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc Sudan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunuyor. Ebu Simbel’e gitmek i\u00e7in Aswan’dan sabaha kar\u015f\u0131 yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k. G\u00fcvenlik gere\u011fi t\u00fcm turist otob\u00fcsleri bir sivil polis e\u015fli\u011finde ve konvoy halinde Ebu Simbel’e gitmek zorundalarm\u0131\u015f. Biz de d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck yollara.
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\r\n<\/a>\u00d6n\u00fcmde 280 kilometre. Bat\u0131 Libya \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc, sa\u011f\u0131mda dolunay ve solunda g\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fu\u015fu e\u015fli\u011finde uykulu, heyecanl\u0131 ve yorucu bir yolculuk ya\u015fad\u0131m. Gidilmeye de\u011fer bir \u00f6ren yeri. G\u00f6rkemli mimarisi, baraj nedeniyle ta\u015f\u0131nma \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferli k\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fin ucunda bir de a\u015fk \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc varsa durulur mu? Duramad\u0131k, \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc bile a\u015ft\u0131k.
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\r\nEbu Simbel (Abu Simbel olarak da bilinir) M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan antik bir tap\u0131nakt\u0131r. 2. Ramses Nubya’daki (\u015fimdiki Sudan) isyanc\u0131lar\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sefer s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenceye g\u00f6re bir fili takip ederek Ebu Simbel’e ula\u015f\u0131r ve buraya iki tap\u0131nak yapmaya karar verir. Tap\u0131naklar da\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7i oyularak 20 y\u0131lda yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kap\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00f6rt dev boy Ramses heykeli vard\u0131r. Her biri 21 metre boyundad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7eride en dipte bulunan Kutsal Oda \u00e7ok \u00f6zeldir. Sadece rahipler girebilir. Burada \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli tanr\u0131 ve Ramses heykelleri yan yana oturur \u015fekilde bulunur.
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\r\n<\/a>Her y\u0131l 21 \u015eubat ve 21 Kas\u0131m’da olmak \u00fczere iki g\u00fcn do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015fin ilk \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 heykelleri ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r. Bu iki g\u00fcnde tap\u0131nak daha yo\u011fun ilgi g\u00f6rmektedir. Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ile ayd\u0131nlanma tarihleri bir-iki g\u00fcn ileri at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tap\u0131naklar 65 metre yukar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
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\r\n2. Ramses’e adanan tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki di\u011fer tap\u0131nak tanr\u0131\u00e7a Hathor’a ve 2. Ramses’in kar\u0131s\u0131 krali\u00e7e Nefertari’ye adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem dini bir tap\u0131nak hem de 2. Ramses’in en sevdi\u011fi kar\u0131s\u0131na duydu\u011fu a\u015fk\u0131n bir ifadesidir. Antik M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinde e\u015fe duyulan a\u015fk i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ba\u015fkaca bir tap\u0131nak yoktur. Ana tap\u0131naktan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr.
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\r\n<\/a>Ebu Simbel Tap\u0131naklar\u0131 1960 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesi Aswan Baraj\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 taslak halindeyken tart\u0131\u015fma yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aswan Baraj\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Ebu Simbel’in sular alt\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131 kesinle\u015fince, UNESCO liderli\u011finde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tarihi eser kurtarma operasyonlar\u0131ndan biri ba\u015flad\u0131. Ebu Simbel’in kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131, \u0130sve\u00e7li, Alman, Frans\u0131z arkeolog ve m\u00fchendislerin tam 4 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Tap\u0131naklar 2 binden fazla par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. Heykellerin zarar g\u00f6rmemeleri i\u00e7in el testereleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6l\u00fcnen par\u00e7alar\u0131n tekrar birle\u015ftirilmeleri sonras\u0131nda iz kalmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in estetik ve plastik cerrahi uzmanlar\u0131na dan\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. 65 metre yukar\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131nan, her biri 10 ila 40 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ta\u015f bloklar, yapay bir granit da\u011f olu\u015fturularak, yeniden birle\u015ftirildi.
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\r\nYak\u0131n tarihimizin en \u00f6nemli m\u00fchendislik ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan say\u0131lan bu kurtarma operasyonunda, tam 40 milyon dolar harcand\u0131. Ebu Simbel tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, 1968’te tekrar ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Ve o tarihten bu yana, M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131na, milyonlarca dolar turizm geliri sa\u011flamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.
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\r\nEdebiyat:<\/b> Edebiyat\u0131 sevdi\u011fim i\u00e7in gezdi\u011fim \u00fclkelerin edebiyat\u0131na \u00f6zel bir ilgi g\u00f6steririm. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r edebiyat\u0131 denilince hepimizin akl\u0131na Necip Mahfuz gelir. \u00dclkemizde \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r edebiyat\u0131na ait eser \u00e7evirileri olduk\u00e7a azd\u0131r. Ancak Necip Mahfuz \u00e7ok bilinir ve t\u00fcm eserleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ‘ye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.
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\r\nAntik M\u0131s\u0131r edebiyat\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne do\u011fru geldi\u011fimde bir okyanusla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m desem yalan olmaz. Konu \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 oldu\u011fundan k\u0131saca \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.
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\r\n<\/a>Eski M\u0131s\u0131r’da edebiyat\u0131 izlerine M. \u00d6. 1900’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda rastlan\u0131r. Edebi eser diyebilece\u011fimiz \u00f6rnekler; “Bilge Edebiyat\u0131” olarak an\u0131lan, k\u0131ssalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ve en bilinen \u00f6rnekleri Sinuhe’nin Hik\u00e2yesi, be\u015f mucize \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7eren Westcar Papir\u00fcs\u00fc ve \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00d6l\u00fclerin Kitab\u0131’d\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r Edebiyat\u0131’n\u0131n en kadim t\u00fcr\u00fc olan \u015fiirin de izini \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi M\u0131s\u0131r’a kadar s\u00fcrmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Teolojik edebiyat olarak an\u0131labilecek K\u0131pti manzumelerinin \u00f6rnekleriyle dolu Nag Hammadi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin k\u00fclliyat\u0131 da Eski M\u0131s\u0131r edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rneklerindendir.
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\r\nPtolemaioslar d\u00f6neminde kurulan \u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi sadece bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir akademi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilimsel ve tarihi kitaplar\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, derlendi\u011fi bir merkezdi.
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\r\nAbbasiler ve Emeviler d\u00f6neminde Arap\u00e7a edebiyat, M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 da kapsayan geni\u015f co\u011frafyada en verimli \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131ndan birini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130slam d\u00f6nemi M\u0131s\u0131r’da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan eser, \u015eark Edebiyat\u0131 k\u00fclliyat\u0131n\u0131n \u015faheseri Binbir Gece Masallar\u0131’d\u0131r.
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\r\nNapolyon,1898-1802 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki M\u0131s\u0131r i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda Frans\u0131z ekibin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fc (Institut d’\u00c9gypte), birlikleri i\u00e7inse M\u0131s\u0131r Postas\u0131 (Courier de l’\u00c9gypte) gazetesini kurdu.
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\r\n1882’deki \u0130ngiliz i\u015fgaliyle birlikte M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 1952 darbesine kadar etkileyecek, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin bir varyant\u0131 olan M\u0131s\u0131r ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fu geli\u015fti. O d\u00f6nemde bas\u0131n yay\u0131n d\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fu \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na kadar, yay\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcren el-Ehram’\u0131n da d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu 283 gazete ve dergi yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, \u015fiirler, tarihi \u00f6yk\u00fcler ve k\u0131sa romanlara yer vererek edebi \u00fcretimin merkezinde yer ald\u0131. Bu sayede, \u015fiir ve s\u00f6zel anlat\u0131 egemenli\u011fi form de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.
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\r\n20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l’\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren, t\u00fcm t\u00fcrlerdeki edebi \u00fcretim alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na girdi. Saray’a yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen ve M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fiirinin en \u00fcst noktas\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan “\u015eairlerin \u015eah\u0131” Ahmet \u015eevki, “Nil’in \u015eairi” Haf\u0131z \u0130brahim ve devam\u0131nda gelen Mahmut el-Akad \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Divan Okulu ile en \u00fcnl\u00fc temsilcisi Ahmet Zeki Ebu \u015eadi olan Apollo Grubu, M\u0131s\u0131r \u015fiirinin en \u00f6nemli temsilcilerindendir.
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\r\n<\/a>Ahmed L\u00fctfi Seyyid’in 1912’de \u00e7\u0131karmayan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 el-Ceride dergisi, ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fun en etkili yay\u0131n\u0131 olman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, k\u0131sa \u00f6yk\u00fc ve romanda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir ku\u015fak yeti\u015ftirdi. Yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, psikanaliz ve sosyalizm konusunda \u00f6\u011fretici yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in “hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131yla” tan\u0131nan K\u0131pti Selame Musa, bu derginin \u00e7evresindendi. Musa’n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6\u011frencisi, Necib Mahfuz olacakt\u0131.
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\r\nMahfuz, Arap edebiyat\u0131nda pek ilgi g\u00f6sterilmeyen roman t\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve 1988’de Nobel Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’ne uzanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arap Yazarlar Birli\u011fi’nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 “En \u0130yi 105 Roman Listesi”nde Kahire \u00dc\u00e7lemesi’yle ilk s\u0131rada yer alm\u0131\u015f ve Arap edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n tepe noktas\u0131 oldu\u011funu bir kez daha kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
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\r\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e ‘ye eserleri \u00e7evrilmi\u015f \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f M\u0131s\u0131r edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:
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\r\nTevfik el-Hakim, Abdurrahman \u015earkavi, Abd\u00fclhamit Cevde es-Sahhar, Cemal Gitani, Neval el Seddavi

Related Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A’dan Z’ye M\u0131s\u0131r ve Nil gezisinden notlar\u0131m\u0131 payla\u015fmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorum… Ebu Simbel Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131: Eski M\u0131s\u0131r tarihinin en \u00fcnl\u00fc firavunu 2. Ramses’in yapt\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tap\u0131naklar toplulu\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101512"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101512"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101512\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}