{"id":101492,"date":"2018-10-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/?p=101492"},"modified":"2020-06-22T00:31:33","modified_gmt":"2020-06-21T21:31:33","slug":"sumerin-biralari-mezopotamyanin-saraplari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/2018\/10\/21\/sumerin-biralari-mezopotamyanin-saraplari\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcmer’in biralar\u0131, Mezopotamya’n\u0131n \u015faraplar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Mezopotamya, \u00d6n Asya veya t\u00fcmden Orta Do\u011fu hen\u00fcz dinsel ba\u011fnazl\u0131klar\u0131n karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclmemi\u015fken, kentlerinde; tiyatro alanlar\u0131, spor meydanlar\u0131 co\u015fku ile dolar, anne-babalar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 felsefe, edebiyat, astronomi okullar\u0131na g\u00f6nderirlerdi. Sanat\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kadar k\u0131s\u0131tlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n esaret ile korkutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131k merkezi kadim Orta Do\u011fu’nun, Mezopotamya’n\u0131n kentleri, sanat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ile donat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Do\u011fan\u0131n i\u00e7ine beton bloklar y\u0131\u011farak medeniyet iddias\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131n aksine kadim Mezopotamya ve Orta Do\u011fu halklar\u0131 tarih \u00f6ncesinde kentleri belirli bir sistematik ile kurar, evlerini ise kap\u0131 tokma\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00e7at\u0131 kiri\u015flerine kadar estettik kayg\u0131lar ile \u00fcretirlerdi. S\u00fcmer, Babil, Akad, Elam, Asur, M\u0131s\u0131r bir boyutu ile Hitit, Urartu, Pers ve benzeri y\u00fczlerce irili ufakl\u0131 devlet, uygarl\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcn dinsel ba\u011fnazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n esareti alt\u0131ndaki toplumlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak edebiyat\u0131, esteti\u011fi, sanat\u0131, felsefeyi \u00e7ok daha \u00f6zg\u00fcr ko\u015fullarda yap\u0131yorlard\u0131.

<\/a>Tarih \u00f6ncesi uygarl\u0131klar\u0131 meydana getiren, birey ve toplumlar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphesiz muhte\u015fem mutfak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc de vard\u0131. Yeme i\u00e7me k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, co\u011frafyan\u0131n t\u00fcm tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini i\u015fleyecek \u015fekilde donan\u0131ml\u0131yd\u0131. Yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc farkl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 konusu olmak \u00fczere \u00f6zellikle antik Orta Do\u011fu’nun i\u00e7ecek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, zenginlik ve derinli\u011finin \u00fczerinde k\u0131saca dural\u0131m. \u015earab\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yeri ile ilgili onlarca farkl\u0131 iddiaya ra\u011fmen Orta Do\u011fu’nun, \u015farab\u0131n, insanl\u0131\u011fa arma\u011fan edildi\u011fi co\u011frafya olmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Velev ki \u015farab\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, Anadolu, G\u00fcney Avrupa veya Kuzey Afrika ile ili\u015fkilendirenlerin savlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu kabul etsek bile \u015farab\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu’daki \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, \u015farap tarihinin ana arteridir. Binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131n temel folklorik fig\u00fcr\u00fc olan \u015farap ve \u015farap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan t\u00fcm yaz\u0131l\u0131, g\u00f6rsel metin ve eserlerde geni\u015f \u015fekilde yer almaktad\u0131r.

Asurlular: G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan \u015farap uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/b>

Kadim t\u00fcm Orta Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131klar\u0131, \u015farap konusunda iddialara sahip iken bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Asurlular’a \u00f6zel yer ay\u0131rmak gerekir. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ticaret gelene\u011fi ile bilinen Asurlular, \u015farap yapma konusunda olduk\u00e7a iddial\u0131yd\u0131lar. \u00d6yle ki bug\u00fcn Asurlular’\u0131n etnik ve folklorik devam\u0131 olan Asuri, S\u00fcryani ve Keldani topluluklar\u0131nda \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k hala \u00f6nemini korumaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Mezopotamya topraklar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesinde \u015farap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f olsa bile bu topluluklar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faran k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bakiyeleri sayesinde ince bir damar olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki yak\u0131n zamana kadar G\u00fcney Do\u011fu Anadolu B\u00f6lgesi’ne gelen Avrupal\u0131 seyyahlar, seyahat notlar\u0131nda Mardin, Midyat, Diyarbak\u0131r \u015faraplar\u0131n\u0131n lezzetini \u00f6verek anlat\u0131rlar.

Tarih de bira da S\u00fcmer ile ba\u015flar!<\/b>

<\/a>Yaz\u0131, matematik, astronomi vb. bir\u00e7ok bilimsel disiplinin S\u00fcmer \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan hareketle tarihin S\u00fcmer ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tarihin S\u00fcmer ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir de biran\u0131n da S\u00fcmerliler ile ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek bilinmez. Biran\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de firavunlar d\u00f6nemi eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u0131’nda yayg\u0131n olarak t\u00fcketildi\u011fi biliyorduk. Hatta piramitlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilere verilen g\u00fcnl\u00fck yemek \u00f6\u011f\u00fcnlerinde bira de\u011fi\u015fmez i\u00e7ecek olarak sunulmaktayd\u0131. Neredeyse su gibi yo\u011fun t\u00fcketilmesi nedeni ile biran\u0131n eski M\u0131s\u0131r men\u015feili bir i\u00e7ecek oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn S\u00fcmer krali\u00e7esi! Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f’\u0131n, biran\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r’dan \u00f6nce S\u00fcmerler taraf\u0131ndan bulundu\u011funu ve yo\u011fun t\u00fcketildi\u011fini ortaya koymas\u0131 bira tarihi ile ilgili yayg\u0131n bilginin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. T\u00fcm \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tarihsel ger\u00e7ekleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131makla ge\u00e7iren, S\u00fcmer uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki en yetkin otoritelerinden Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f’\u0131n, biran\u0131n S\u00fcmer k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemine dair verdi\u011fi bilgiler olduk\u00e7a ilgi \u00e7ekici. S\u00fcmer kentlerinde hemen her sokakta birahanelerin bulundu\u011funu belirten Muazzez \u0130lmiye \u00c7\u0131\u011f S\u00fcmer birahanelerin neredeyse tamamen kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletildi\u011fini ifade ediyor. Tipik bir S\u00fcmer birahanesinin tasvirini de yapan S\u00fcmerolog \u00c7\u0131\u011f, her birahanenin giri\u015finde m\u00fc\u015fterilerin kendi servislerini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bira f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yine tercih edecekler i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 \u015farap f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Bu birahanelerde yap\u0131lan sohbetlere m\u00fczi\u011fin e\u015flik etti\u011fini de belirtmek gerekiyor

<\/a>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u015farap denilince akla Fransa, bira denilince ise Almanya geliyor fakat neredeyse uygarl\u0131k tarihi kadar eski bu iki i\u00e7ece\u011fin Mezopotamya ve Orta Do\u011fu k\u00f6kenli olmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 oldu\u011fu kadar h\u00fcz\u00fcn vericidir. Irak, G\u00fcney Bat\u0131 \u0130ran, ve Suriye denilen topraklarda kurulu\u015fu neredeyse 8 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlenen S\u00fcmerler ve onlar\u0131n ard\u0131l\u0131 uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc co\u011frafyada bug\u00fcn din ad\u0131na, binlerce y\u0131l\u0131n birikiminin s\u0131\u011f bir vandalizm ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na, tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyoruz..

8 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nceden 8 bin kat daha karanl\u0131k<\/b>

Bug\u00fcn, 8 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden farkl\u0131 olarak, insanlar\u0131n i\u00e7ti\u011finden yedi\u011fine kadar her \u015feye m\u00fcdahale etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 dini referanslar ile elinde bulunduranlar, Orta Do\u011fu’nun kaderine h\u00fckmediyorlar. Daha do\u011frusu bask\u0131ya bask\u0131, ac\u0131ya ac\u0131 ekliyorlar. Din jandarmas\u0131 gibi davranarak okudu\u011funuzdan yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za hatta d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczden ifade etti\u011finize kadar hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kendinde g\u00f6renlerin Orta Do\u011fu’su, 8 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin Orta Do\u011fu?sundan en az 8 bin kat daha karanl\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Related Images:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mezopotamya, \u00d6n Asya veya t\u00fcmden Orta Do\u011fu hen\u00fcz dinsel ba\u011fnazl\u0131klar\u0131n karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fclmemi\u015fken, kentlerinde; tiyatro alanlar\u0131, spor meydanlar\u0131 co\u015fku ile dolar, anne-babalar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 felsefe, edebiyat, astronomi […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":102017,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101492"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101492"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101492\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kentyasam.com.tr\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}